Organic Molecules

Organic

Produced by organisms

Monosaccharides

Single sugar

How many carbons do Pentose sugars have?

5 carbons

Glucose

Blood sugar, primary energy

Disaccharides

Double sugar

What is in Sucrose?

glucose + fructose (table sugar)

What is in Lactose?

glucose + galactose (Milk sugar)

What is in Maltose?

Glucose + glucose (Malt sugar)

Polysaccharides

Sugar chain

What is Cellulose

plant cell wall material, fiber

What is Starch

plant energy storage

What is Glycogen

animal short term energy storage

What happens if Blood glucose levels are high?

turn into glycogen

What happens if blood glucose levels are low?

the glycogen will get put back into your blood

Lipids

Don’t dissolve in water like oil

Fatty acids

long hydrocarbon chains

Saturated

no double bonds

Unsaturated

one or more double bonds (missing hydrogen)

Polyunsaturated

numerous double bonds

Glycerides

have fatty acids attached to glyceral

Triglycerides

fats/oils (Liquid at room temp) and (solid at room temp)

Phospholipids

Form the plasma membrane and membranous cell structure

What are the components of phospholipids?

Diglyceride, phosphate group

The regions of phospholipids?

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

Polar and head

Hydrophobic

No polar and tail

Definition of Steroids

Always have a backbone of 4 carbon rings with functional groups

Cholesterol

Found in plasma membrane and precursor in production of sec hormones