Hyperinflation Therapy and Atelectasis

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to hyperinflation therapy, atelectasis, and related treatments and techniques.

Hyperinflation Therapy

A treatment aimed to prevent or reverse atelectasis, mobilize secretions, and promote cough.

Incentive Spirometry (IS)

A method of therapy that encourages patients to take slow, deep breaths to improve lung function.

Atelectasis

A condition where part of the lung collapses or does not fully expand.

Resorption Atelectasis

Caused by obstruction of the bronchus leading to collapse of alveoli due to oxygen absorption.

Adhesive Atelectasis

Occurs when there is a deficiency of surfactant, often seen in ARDS or premature neonates.

Compression Atelectasis

Results from fluid or air filling the pleural cavity leading to lung collapse.

Contraction Atelectasis

Caused by fibrotic changes in the lung or pleura that prevent lung expansion.

Neuromuscular disease

Conditions such as muscular dystrophy or myasthenia gravis that can increase the risk of atelectasis.

FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration, which is decreased by anesthetics.

Positive Airway Pressure (PAP)

Therapies like CPAP and PEP that help keep airways open and promote expansion of lungs.

Goals of Incentive Spirometry

To improve signs of atelectasis, normal V/S, breath sounds, SpO2, and inspiratory muscle performance.

Volume Oriented IS

Incentive Spirometry that measures the volume of air inhaled by raising a bellow during inspiration.

Flow Oriented IS

Measures inhaled air volume based on flow and inhalation duration.

Tri-Flow Incentive Spirometer

A flow-oriented breathing trainer with three color-coded balls to visually motivate lung expansion.

Monitoring IS

Observing the frequency of sessions, breath holds, and volume goals achieved during therapy.

Hazards of Incentive Spirometry

Potential risks include hyperventilation, discomfort, and inadequate pain control.