INTEG NAILS AND BOOB

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Eccrine and Apocrine sweat glands

What is the opening on the skin surface through which sweat is released?

Sweat pore

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Eccrine and Apocrine sweat glands

What is the opening on the skin surface through which sweat is released?

Sweat pore

What is the main glandular portion of an eccrine sweat gland called?

Secretory portion

What type of epithelium is found in the secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands?

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

What structure in eccrine sweat glands transports sweat to the skin surface?

Excretory ducts

What type of cells line the excretory ducts of eccrine sweat glands?

Two layers of smaller cuboidal cells

What specialized epithelial cells help expel sweat by contraction?

Myoepithelial cells

Where are myoepithelial cells located in eccrine sweat glands?

Between secretory cells and basement membrane

What is the function of myoepithelial cells in sweat glands?

Contraction expels sweat into ducts

Where are eccrine sweat glands most numerous?

Foot soles (620/cm²)

Besides cooling, what is another function of eccrine sweat glands?

They act as auxiliary excretory organs by eliminating small amounts of nitrogenous waste and excess salts

Where are apocrine sweat glands found in the body?

Axillae, areola, inguinal, and genital regions

What is the nature of the secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands?

Viscid, milky, and odorless

What causes the characteristic odor associated with apocrine sweat glands?

Bacterial action on the secretion

Do apocrine sweat glands discharge directly onto the skin surface?

No, they discharge into hair follicles

At what stage of life do apocrine sweat glands become functional?

Puberty

What type of nerve fibers activate apocrine sweat glands?

Adrenergic nerves

What factor increases the secretion of apocrine sweat glands?

Emotional stress

What is the structural type of apocrine sweat glands?

Coiled tubular type

What is a notable feature of the secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands?

Widely dilated lumen

What type of epithelium lines the secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands?

Low cuboidal cells

What is a distinguishing characteristic of the cytoplasm of apocrine sweat gland cells?

Eosinophilic cytoplasm

What factor influences the development of apocrine sweat glands?

Sex hormones

What is the difference in lumen size between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Eccrine glands have a smaller lumen, while apocrine glands have a larger lumen

What type of nerve endings innervate eccrine sweat glands?

Cholinergic nerve endings

What type of nerve endings innervate apocrine sweat glands?

Adrenergic nerve endings

What is the nail plate primarily composed of?

Dense keratinized plate

What is the function of the nail bed?

It supports the nail plate but does not contribute to its growth

What type of epithelium makes up the nail bed?

Stratified squamous epithelium

What is the proximal end of the nail called?

Nail root

What is the nail matrix?

The area underneath the nail root where nail growth occurs

What happens if the nail matrix is damaged due to injury or disease?

Nail growth will be affected

How does the nail plate grow?

Continuous growth in the matrix pushes the nail plate forward over the nail bed

What is the average growth rate of fingernails?

Approximately 3 mm per month

What is the average growth rate of toenails?

Approximately 1 mm per month

What is the white crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail called?

Lunula

What is the skin that overlies the root of the nail called?

Nail fold (cuticle)

What part of the nail is commonly removed during a manicure or pedicure?

Cuticle (Nail fold)

What is the highly keratinized free edge of the nail called?

Eponychium

What is the skin located beneath the free end of the nail called?

Hyponychium

What is the process that produces nails similar to?

The keratinization process that forms hard keratin plates

Which part of the epidermis does the nail bed contain?

Only the basal and spinous epidermal layers

What type of glands are mammary glands considered?

Highly modified apocrine sweat glands

Where are the mammary glands located?

Anterior to the pectoral muscles

How many glandular units are in each breast?

15-25 breast lobes

What type of gland is the mammary gland?

Compound tubulo-acinar gland

What type of tissue is responsible for the size of the breasts?

Adipose tissue

How is the mammary gland subdivided?

By collagenous septa

How are the lobes of the mammary gland arranged?

Radially around the nipple

What is the name of the duct that drains each lobe of the mammary gland?

Lactiferous duct

Where do all lactiferous ducts converge?

Into the nipple

What is the name of the pigmented skin surrounding the nipple?

Areola

What type of glands are found in the areola that are not associated with hair follicles?

Sebaceous glands

On which muscle do the mammary glands rest?

Pectoralis muscle