1/15
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
What is a TBI?
Damage to the brain that occurs as a result of an external and forceful event
What populations are most at risk for a TBI?
4 and under
75 and over
Adolescent males
Drug and alcohol users
Previous TBI patients
Law enforcement
Low socioeconomic status
Closed head injury
Trauma to the brain with the skull remaining intact
Considered diffuse (brain shaken around)
Often involved Acceleration/Deceleration injures
mTBI (concussion)
Coup Contre Coup
First and second point of impact
Can be any direction with any lobe impacted
The areas of the brain that show damage
bleeding or bruising
mTBI
AKA concussion
Period of confusion following impact with or without loss of consciousness
Symptoms may go unrecognized
May result in physical/cognitive/social/emotional deficits
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Shearing and tearing of long axons and neural connections
Due to high levels of force in coup contrecoup injuries
acceleration/deacceleration
Results in generalized damage to the brain and brainstem
Impact based TBI
Injury to the brain that occurs as a result of a stationary head being impacted by a moving object
Ex: violent assault
The skull is forced inwards where the impact is = force on the brain
Compressive forces may bruise or tear the brain surface
Open head TBI
Injury that penetrates the skull into the brain
Gun shot wounds
Secondary mechanisms of damage are:
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
the brain becomes compressed
Cerebral swelling - edema
brain tissue swelling as a result of trauma that may increase ICP
Shaken baby syndrome
Military & Sports
What is the Glasgow Coma Sclae?
Assessment of severity of injury to the brain
not used to assess the level of coma or arousal
done in 3 parameters
motor, verbal, eye-opening
Coma
Deep unconsciousness
No responses or sleep wake cycles
Vegetative state
Inbetween state
May or may not be permanent
Sleep wake cycles are present
Generalized responses
Minimally conscious state
localized responses
Sleep-wake cycles are not consistent
May follow commands unconsiously
Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)
A period of time or recovery
Confusion and disorientation of past/present
Recovery for individuals from comas and vegetative states
Describe Rancho Los Amigos
A test of cognitive/behavioral recovery from TBI
An individual may start at any level and may not go through all stages
Used to asses a persons level of recovery patterns
10 pt scale - coma to independent
Cognitive deficits
Affects:
Orientation
attention
memory
problem solving
Personality changes
impulsivity
motivation
emotional lability