Nervous system/genetic protein synthesis/stem cells

What do dendrites

receives signal

What does the Cell body do

processes signal

What does the Axon do

transmits signal

what does the Axon terminals do?

Send a signal to the next cell

Which signals reception/sending:

Dendrites receive; axon sends.

What is the Neurotransmitter

Chemical messenger that transmits signals across the synapse.

What is the synapse

The gap between neurons where neurotransmitters pass the signal.

Reflex vs Normal response:

Reflex: automatic, fast, bypasses the brain.
Normal: involves brain processing.

Stimulus→response pathway

Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neuron → CNS → Motor neuron → Effector → Response

Gene vs Allele:

Gene = section of DNA coding for a trait; Allele = variant of a gene.

mRNA's role:

Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

tRNA role:

It transfers amino acids to the ribosome and matches mRNA codons with the correct amino acid.

Decoding DNA:

DNA → mRNA codons → use codon chart to find amino acids → form protein.

Changing one base:

Can cause a mutation → might change an amino acid → could alter protein function.

Codons:

Three-letter mRNA sequences coding for amino acids.

Pluripotent:

Can become any cell type (found in embryos).

Multipotent:

Can become a few related cell types (found in adult tissues like bone marrow).

Adult stem cell therapy benefits:

Fewer ethical concerns, less chance of rejection.

Embryonic stem cell benefits:

Can become any cell – more flexible.