Hobbs final

Alfred Thayer Mahan

-Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy

-wrote "The influence of Sea Power upon History" Which states when seapower goes against land power, sea power will always win

Andrew Carnegie

-Scottish immigrant -got a job in telegraphs for a RR company, also tended RR boilers

-saved up to invest in RRs and oil; organized Union telegraph operations during CW

-with his fortune he invested in steel and used the Bessemer steel process to make cheap, high quality steel

-Homestead Plant in Pittsburgh; his company became US Steel

-the cheaper high quality steel made skyscrapers possible

-Homestead Strike

Calvin Coolidge

-30th president from Plymouth Notch, Vt

-lawyer, state politician, and gov of MA -Boston Police Strike

-revenue Acts

-National Immigration Act

-Washington Naval Treaty

Dwight D. Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the US

Martin Luther King Jr

-Leader of the civil rights movement

-US Baptist minister

Franklin D Roosevelt

32nd US President

-began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII

Frederick Jackson Turner

- Wrote "The Significance of the Frontier in American History"

- ______ Thesis: American culture is shaped and defined by the frontier

- American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems .

- Taught at Wisconsin then Harvard

Herbert Hoover

-1st student at stanford ever

-student manager for football & baseball teams

-mining engineer

-lectured at stanford, princeton, and harvard -wrote a textbook on mining

-organizes a relief effort for European civilians displaced by WW1

-organizes distribution of food to civilians

-organizes a resource rationing program (meatless mondays, wheatless wednesdays)

-1920 runs for president & loses, but throws support to Harding

-sec of commerce 1921-1928 -31st president

Ho Chi Minh

-communist from North Vietnam

-leader of Vietcong

-sets up communist regime in North Vietnam

John D. Rockefeller

- Oil tycoon; owned standard oil company which became the largest refinery

- Made products that he had previously purchased (vertical integration)

- Had monopoly over oil industry

- Philanthropist - 1st Billionaire

- Was a Captain of Industry

John Deere

- American blacksmith that was responsible for inventing the self-cleaning steel plow. (Made it much easier for farmers)

- Moved from Grand Detour, Illinois to Moline, Illinois

John F. Kennedy

president during part of the cold war and especially during the superpower rivalry and the cuban missile crisis

president who went on tv and told the public about the crisis/ allowed the leader of the soviet union to withdraw their missiles.

other events: building of the berlin wall, the space race, and early events of the Vietnamese war.

Lyndon B. Johnson

36th president, signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965.

he had a war on poverty in his agenda.

great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy families.

also created department of housing and urban development.

most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid.

Richard Nixon

-republican

-gov of CA

-vice president under Eisenhower

-Vietnamization (training of vietnam men to fight instead of American troops)

-visits China (1971)

-watergate scandal, he resigns

Ronald Reagan

-republican

-President (1981-1989)

-Star Wars (Strategic Defense Initiative)

-"Great Communicator"

-"The Gipper"

Theodore Roosevelt

- "TR" -26th President, from 1901-1909, went to Harvard (Ran everywhere)

-From NYC, Dutch Lineage -wrote

-took over in 1901 when McKinley was shot,

-Went after trusts -formed the "Bull Moose Party"

-wanted to build the Panama canal, and make our Navy (military stronger )

-Rough Riders

-McKinley's VP -

Youngest VP & P in history

-Great White Fleet: white as a sign of peace, no guns, offered support

-Trust Bust

-Meat Inspection Act/ Pure Food and Drug Act

-Progressivist -Antiquities Act/Organic Act

-Nominated Oliver Wendell Holmes to Supreme Court

-Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary: Platt Amendment -Gentlemen's Agreement

Warren Harding

-29th president from Marion, Oh

-State senator in OH & U.S. senator

-"Front Porch Campaign"

- red scare -"return to normalcy"

-emergency quota act

Woodrow Wilson

-28th president from Augusta, GA

-professor of political science

-wrote Congressional Gov and The State

-president of Princeton University -Gov of NJ

16th & 17th amendments

1913 first gave Congress the power to impose an income tax

second required the direct election of senators

18th and 21st amendments

first 1919, declared production, transportation, and sale of intoxicating liquors illegal

second 1933, repealed the amendment above

19th amendment

1920
gave women the right to vote

24th & 26th amendments

first 1964, eliminated poll taxes

second 1971, lowered voting age to 18

American Expeditionary Force

the U.S. forces, led by Gen. John Pershing, who fought with the allies in Europe during WWI

Antiquities Act

passed in 1906, which allows the president to protect areas of scientific or historical interest on federal lands as national monuments

baby boom generation

the 76 million babies born in the United States between 1946 and 1964.

banana republic

a small nation, especially in Central America, dependent on one crop or the influx of foreign capital.

Bay of Pigs

A group of Cubans living in Miami, training to return home (failed)

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education.

cuban Missile Crisis

1962 crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba

Duck and Cover

Schoolchildren practiced crawling under their desks and putting their hands over their heads to protect themselves from an atomic bomb attack.

Dust Bowl

A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.

Emergency Quota Act

1921 Act that stipulates only 3% of 1910 immigrants are allowed in

fireside chats

radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives

Fourteen points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Gentleman's Agreement

1907 agreement between the United States and Japan that restricted Japanese immigration

Gilded Age

1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

Great Society

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the _______. In 1965, Congress passed many ______ measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

Gulf of Tonkin resolution

1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam

Haymarket Riot

100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in the Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.

HMS Lusitania

This British liner was sunk in 1915, by German U-Boats, causing Wilson to issue a stern warning to the Germans, telling them not to attack unarmed vessels "without warning".

Homestead strike

Pittsburgh - carnegie workers locked out before they could walk out - mob forms and pinkerton’s arrive to protect plant, try to get to it by barge but are spotted - fireworks thrown at them, they surrender and are tortured until national guard is called

Jazz Age/ Roaring 20s

The 1920's decade known for new social boundaries and opulence, but also was an "age of contradictions"

League of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined it. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

Meat Inspection Act

1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

National Immigration Act of 1924

limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota.

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

Panama Canal

a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

Pendleton Act

1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

Pure Food & Drug Act

1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

Red Scare

fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life

Return to Normalcy

Harding's campaign slogan, wanting to go back to how things were before the war

robber barron/ captain of industry

- a person who has become rich through ruthless business practices

-positive term for someone who is powerful and wealthy

Roosevelt Corollary

this guys 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

segregation

separation of the races

separate but equal

racially segregated but ostensibly ensuring equal opportunities to all races.

Spanish American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

sputnik

The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US.

Standard Oil Trust

Rockefeller's company, in 1881, owned 90 percent of the oil refinery business, with a board of trustees at the head 34 companies tied in this

Teapot Dome Scandal

corruption by a Harding cabinet member, who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands

Tet Offensive

1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment

Tin Pan Alley

-publishing firms
-associated with the Jazz Age

trust

a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition

unrestricted submarine warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

vertical integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Washington Naval Treaty

The U.S., Great Britain, Japan, Italy, and France agreed on a 10 year naval holiday during which period the nations would construct no new capital ships and would establish a ship tonnage ratio of 5-5-3-1.7-1.7. -- JAPAN terminated this and accelerated their construction of giant battleships.

Zimmerman Note

1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile