Areas of Brain

1. Cerebrum

2. Connecting fibers

3. basal ganglia

4. diencephalon

5. cerebellum

6. brainstem

Areas of the brain

cerebrum (outer layer)

includes gyri (hills) & sulci (valleys)

Gyri

• longitudinal fissure which separates hemispheres

• central sulcus which divides anterior and posterior brain

sulci

lateral sulcus

connecting fibers

• commissural

• association

• projection

commissural

connects corresponding areas of 2 hemispheres

• houses corpus callosum

  • damage to this leads to disconnecting syndromes

association fibers

• connects areas broca’s & wernicke’s

• connects superior longitudinal fibers- arcuate fasciculus

projection fibers

• transmit sensory information to the brain

• transmit motor from brain to muscles

basal ganglia

• sends information to the cortex through the thalamus

• receives input from frontal lobe

  • damage leads to hyperkinetic dysarthria

diencephalon

• thalamus

• 3rd ventricle

• lies between brainstem & cerebral hemispheres

thalamus

relays sensory & motor information to cortex

3rd ventricle

houses cerebrospinal fluid, but an overabundance can lead to hydrocephaly

cerebellum

• responsible for smooth, rhythmic movements

• coordinates & modulates force of body movements

• two hemispheres (right & left)

brainstem

• medulla oblongata

• pons

• midbrain

medulla oblongata

• passes through base of skull

• contains all fibers in brain cerebellum

• controls digestion, breathing, heart rate, BP

pons

• bridge to cerebral hemisphere

• hearing & balance

midbrain

• relay center & pathway connecting forebrain to hindbrain

• manages vision, hearing, motor control, alertness

cerebral ventricles

• cavities within the brain

• filled with CSF

  • removes waste, nourishes neural tissues, regulates intercranial pressure, cushions brain, circulates CNS

• contains choroid plexus