A Level History - Russia chapter 12

What was Stalin's style of government?

bureaucratic centralism

What is bureaucratic centralism?

government controlled from the centre

What was the driving force in Stalin's style of government?

fear

When was the Cheka renamed?

1926

What was the Cheka renamed to in 1926?

OGPU

In what ways was Stalin's style of government a continuation of Lenin's? (3)

ban on factions, use of terror, use of propaganda

What did Stalin use to make sure there was support for his policies?

propaganda

What was one of the slogans Stalin used as propaganda?

'Stalin is the Lenin of today'

How was the Stalin cult established? (3)

he was depicted as the 'Great Helmsman' steering the ship of state, portrayed as Lenin's true successor, increased his status by creating the Lenin cult

What was Stalin's policy on foreign relations?

socialism in one country

Who was the chief representative in foreign affairs?

Georgii Chicherin

Who was Chicherin's deputy?

Maksim Litvinov

When did the Chinese Communist Party form?

1921

Who did Stalin support in China in the 1920s?

the Guomindang

Why was it surprising that Stalin supported the GMD? (2)

because they were a revolutionary nationalist movement who were fighting against the Chinese communist party, the GMD were massacring workers

Who was the leader of the GMD?

Chiang Kei Shek

Why did Stalin back the GMD over the CCP? (2)

he no longer held the policy of permanent revolution and felt that the GMD were more likely to bring stability to the area which was on Russia's eastern borders as he believed they were the strongest group in China, he was also suspicious of the fact that the Chinese communists interpreted Marxism differently

How did the CCP's interpretation of Marxism clash with Stalin's?

they favoured the peasants, whilst Stalin favoured the urban workers

When did the GMD massacre striking workers in Canton?

March 1926

When did the GMD establish a military dictatorship?

March 1926

When did the GMD suppress a communist-led workers revolt in Shanghai and kill thousands of workers?

April 1927

When did the GMD massacre striking workers in Wuhan?

1927

How many workers were killed by the GMD in 1927?

around 30,000

Who criticised Stalin when he supported the GMD and not the CCP? (2)

Trotsky and the left opposition

When was the treaty of Rapallo?

1922

What was the treaty of Rapallo?

a treaty between Germany and the USSR which helped create good relations between them

Who was the German foreign minister 1925 - 1929?

Gustav Stresemann

When were the Locarno treaties?

1925

What were the Locarno treaties?

a set of agreements ensuring the post-war peace settlement would not be altered in order for Germany to have friendlier relations in Europe

When was the treaty of Berlin?

1926

What was article 1 of the treaty of Berlin?

reinstated importance of treaty of Rapallo as the basis for friendly relations between Germany and the USSR

What was article 2 of the treaty of Berlin?

stated that if either country was attacked by a third country, the other would remain neutral

What was article 3 of the treaty of Berlin?

joint promise not to take part in any boycott against the other country

What was article 4 of the treaty of Berlin?

stated that the treaty would remain in force for five years

What were the economic benefits for the USSR of the treaty of Berlin?

USSR received large financial credits from German banks

When did the USSR receive large financial credits from German banks?

June 1926

When did Stresemann die?

1929

When was the sixth comintern congress?

July 1928

What did Stalin announce at the sixth comintern congress with regards to foreign relations? (3)

that it was time for an all out attack on anti-communist social democratic parties in Europe, pushed comintern to remove weak elements, and to prepare for a return to fighting to spread revolution

Why did Stalin return to the policy of permanent revolution at the sixth comintern congress? (2)

maybe because he genuinely felt the time was right to revert to this, maybe because his strongest opponent at the time was Bukharin who advocated for socialism in one country and Stalin wanted to pick a political fight

How did control over the comintern become tighter? (3)

strict discipline imposed in other European communist parties, soviet agents sent to infiltrate them and report back, foreign communist leaders encouraged to come to the USSR