Chemistry Unit 15

Arrhenius Acid

Any substance that when dissolved in water increases hydrogen concentration. These compounds always have hydrogen.

Brønsted-Lowry Acid

Any compound that donates protons. These compounds always contain hydrogen.

Arrhenius Base

Any substance that when dissolved in water increases hydroxide concentration. These compounds will always contain hydroxide.

Brønsted-Lowry Base

Any compound that accepts protons. Typically have hydroxide in them.

Electrolyte

An aqueous solution that can conduct an electric current. Also a solute that dissolves in water and dissociates into ions, yielding a solution that conducts electricity.

No electrolyte

A substance that does not conduct electricity. A solute that dissolves in water without producing ions, yielding a solution that does not conduct electricity.

Dissociation

The process of breaking apart into ions

Monoprotic Acid

An acid that contains one H+

Diprotic Acid

An acid that contains two H+

Triprotic Acid

An acid that contains three H+

Weak Acid

An acid that partially dissociates, producing a few H+

Weak base

A base that partially dissociates, producing a few OH-

Strong acid

An acid that completely dissociates

Strong base

A base that completely dissociates

Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction

A reaction between an H3O+ ion and an OH- ion

Ka

Acid dissociation constant

Kb

Base dissociation constant

Acidic Solution

pH 0-7, pOH 7-14

Basic Solution

pH 7-14, pOH 0-7

Neutral Solution

pH 7, pOH 7

Authorization

2H2O ←> OH- + H3O+

Amphoteric

Able to react as both a base and acid

Kw

Equilibrium constant of water, 1.0×10^-14

pH

A shorthand way to reference the relative strength of an acid

pOH

A shorthand way to reference the relative strength of a base

Conjugate Base

The base being reacted with an acid

Conjugate acid

The acid being reacted with a base