Bacteria Transformation

Lab 6

Bacteria

Single-celled microorganisms (small cells) can exist independently or as parasites. They reproduce by binary fission(asexually) and can be found in various environments.

Binary Fission

asexual reproduction in which a single bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells. (divides to make copies of themselves)

Multicellular

An organism made up of many cells - All multicellular organisms are eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

An organism made up of one or more cells'

has a membrane bound nucleus

The structure in eukaryotes contains genetic material (DNA)

ex: animals, plants, Fungi, protistes

How is DNA protected/separated

by nuclear envelope→ double membrane (separated by the rest of the cell)

Membrane-bound organelles

structure within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a lipid membrane, where they perform specific functions (ex: energy production, protein synthesis) (in a compartmentalized Structure

prokaryotes 

single-cell organisms

does not have membrane bound nucleus/membrane-bound organelle 

ex: bacteria, archaea, protists 

how are prokaryotes alive

Their DNA is in a special area- Nucleoid

RNA

ribo-nucleic-acid caries instructions from DNA to synthesize proteins

synthesize proteins 

where proteins are put together in transcription and translation

CENTRAL DOGMA

to be continued The process by which a protein is made by transcription and translation 

1. DNA instructions

2. MRNA (ok, translated into amino acids

3. translate into other letters

4. those letters are proteins