exam 1 patho things to know

autoimmune disorders, diseases

Addison’s disease

adrenal cortex, autoimmune

ankylosing spondylitis

spine and SI joint, autoimmune

Aplastic anemia

bone marrow, autoimmune

Diabetes mellitus type 1

pancreatic beta cells (insulin), autoimmune

Graves’ disease

hyperthyroidism, autoimmune

Guillain-Barré syndrome

PNS, autoimmune

Hashimoto’s

hypothyroidism, autoimmune

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

platelets, autoimmune

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE

all tissue, systemic autoimmune disease

multiple sclerosis

CNS, autoimmune

alopecia areata

hair follicles, autoimmune

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

joints, autoimmune

Myasthenia gravis

muscles, autoimmune

Myocarditis

heart, autoimmune

Pernicious anemia

gut absorption of B12, autoimmune

Psoriasis

skin, autoimmune

Scleroderma/systemic sclerosis

skin and multiple organs, autoimmune

vitiligo

skin pigment, autoimmune

fungal diseases

• unicellular or filamentous yeasts/molds

• ringworm, tinea cruris “jock itch”, tinea pedis “athlete’s foot, tinea versicolor

helminth

• parasitic worms that feed on host and disrupt their nutrient absorption

• tapeworms, hookworms, pinworms, flukes, whipworms, trichinosis

herpes

• 8 types, disease —> latency —> reactivation, vertical transmission

• virus shed from skin/saliva/genital secretionshe

herpes 1

mouth cold sores

herpes 2

genital cold sores

varicella zoster

• herpes 3

• chickenpox, shingles

• virus resides in dorsal root ganglion, dermatomal pattern of symptoms

• post herpetic neuralgia after infection sometimes

epstein barr virus/infectious mononucleosis

• herpes 4

• transmitted by saliva

  • swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, enlarged spleen, can persist for weeks, no course of treatment

Cytomegalovirus CMV

• opportunistic, asymptomatic unless immunocompromised

• most adults are carriers

• like mono without sore throat

• transplant risky

influenza

• virus

• nosocomial (hospital)

• contagious through droplets

  • A, B, C: A and B are in vaccine, lots of genetic variation

RSV Respiratory syncytial virus

• leading cause of hospitalizations for infants

• immune therapy for preemies

• upper respiratory infection in adults

• spread by droplets

pseudomonas aeruginosa

• blue green fruity

• bacterial opportunistic nosocomial infection

• moist environments

• very antibiotic resistant

streptococci

• bacteria

• 3 types: A, B, Pneumoniae

streptococci A

Pharyngitis (Strep throat), Impetigo, Necrotizing fasciitis (‘flesh-eating disease’), Toxic Shock Syndrome, ‘Rheumatic’ & ‘Scarlet’ fever

streptococci B

in vaginal flora, newborns can get infected during birth —> sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia

Strep Pneumoniae

most common cause of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia in adults

fever, chills, pleuritis, cough; good prognosis with antibiotics

Staphylococci

normally resides on skin/nares but can spread if by circulation

can cause skin infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, septic joint arthritis, osteomyelitis

staphylococcus aureus

most pathogenic staph strain

= MRSA if antibiotic resistant

anaerobic bacteria

infect devitalized tissue with low oxygen, necrotic

gas gangrene

c. tetani/botulinum