AP Psychology: Topic 2.2 - Thinking, Problem-Solving, Judgments, and Decision Making

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
full-widthCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/16

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No study sessions yet.

17 Terms

1
New cards

Prototypes

a mental image or best example that incorporates all the features we associate with a category

<p>a mental image or best example that incorporates all the features we associate with a category</p>
2
New cards

Assimilation

making new information fit in with an existing understanding of the world (existing schema)

<p>making new information fit in with an existing understanding of the world (existing schema)</p>
3
New cards

Accommodation

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

<p>adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information</p>
4
New cards

Algorithms

a methodical problem-solving routine that attempts all possible solutions until the correct one is found

<p>a methodical problem-solving routine that attempts all possible solutions until the correct one is found</p>
5
New cards

Heuristics

tools of thinking that address problems by using mental shortcuts to make judgments

<p>tools of thinking that address problems by using mental shortcuts to make judgments</p>
6
New cards

Representativeness heuristic

a mental shortcut whereby people classify something according to how similar it is to a stereotypical case or prior expectation

<p>a mental shortcut whereby people classify something according to how similar it is to a stereotypical case or prior expectation</p>
7
New cards

Availability heuristic

a mental shortcut that bases a decision on the first or most vivid example that comes to mind

<p>a mental shortcut that bases a decision on the first or most vivid example that comes to mind</p>
8
New cards

Mental set

a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past

<p>a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past</p>
9
New cards

Priming

a technique in which the introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus

<p>a technique in which the introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus</p>
10
New cards

Framing

a cognitive bias in which people decide between options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations

<p>a cognitive bias in which people decide between options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations</p>
11
New cards

Gambler's fallacy

the belief that the chances of something happening with a fixed probability become higher or lower as the process is repeated

<p>the belief that the chances of something happening with a fixed probability become higher or lower as the process is repeated</p>
12
New cards

Sunk-cost fallacy

the tendency to continue with a decision we've invested resources into even if the costs outweigh the benefits

<p>the tendency to continue with a decision we've invested resources into even if the costs outweigh the benefits</p>
13
New cards

Executive functions

higher order mental processes that allow individuals to generate, organize, plan, and carry out goal-directed behaviors and experience critical thinking

<p>higher order mental processes that allow individuals to generate, organize, plan, and carry out goal-directed behaviors and experience critical thinking</p>
14
New cards

Creativity

a way of thinking that includes generating novel ideas and engaging in divergent thinking

<p>a way of thinking that includes generating novel ideas and engaging in divergent thinking</p>
15
New cards

Divergent thinking

expanding the number of possible problem solutions; thinking that flows in different directions

<p>expanding the number of possible problem solutions; thinking that flows in different directions</p>
16
New cards

Convergent thinking

reapplying prior learning to quickly and accurately solve problems that do not require novel thinking

<p>reapplying prior learning to quickly and accurately solve problems that do not require novel thinking</p>
17
New cards

Functional fixedness

a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions

<p>a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions</p>