Larynx & Pharynx GT

What is the primary function of the Larynx

Phonation; guards airway during swallowing

What level (vertebrae) can the larynx be found

C3-6

What are the single cartilages

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Epiglottic cartilage

Which is the largest single cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

What is the best landmark to find the Thyroid cartilage

C4

What is the best landmark to find the Cricoid cartilage

C6

Which structure will act to close off the larynx when eating food

epiglottis

Which paired cartilage will act as a lever system for the muscles of phonation/respiration; controlling the opening and closing of the rima glottis

Arytenoid cartilage = muscles will insert on the muscular process of the arytenoid (thus moving the arytenoid)

Which of the arytenoid cartilage processes will be home plate (origin) for the vocal ligament (attachment)

Medial (vocal) process

Which of the arytenoid cartilage processes will be a site of attachment for muscles

Lateral (muscle) process

What membrane runs between the Hyoid and Thyroid cartilage

Thyrohyoid membrane

Which membrane is the location of emergency airway devices

Cricothyroid membrane

Which structure is found between the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring

Cricotracheal ligament

What structures run through the hole on the lateral aspects of the thyrohyoid membrane

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal n (br. of Vagus)

Superior laryngeal artery

What makes up the “wall: of the rima glottis

Vocal ligaments (directly)

Vocalis (indirectly)

The true vocal fold contains which 2 structures

Vocal ligament

Vocalis muscle

Which mucous membrane fold serves as the second line of defense to the epiglottis when swallowing

Vestibular (false) fold = no function in phonation

What structure is found between the true vocal folds; its shape varying with function

Rima glottis (glottidis)

What position will the rima glottis be in for breathing as opposed to phonation

Abducted

What position will the rima glottis be in for phonation as opposed to breathing

Adducted

When the rima glottis is the widest, what might you be doing?

Forced respiration

When the rima glottis is practically close, what might you be doing

Whispering

When the rima glottis is slit-like—almost close but wider than when whispering, what might you be doing

Phonation

Resting position or normal respiration will have what shaped rima glottis

Abducted but narrow- wedgelike

What are the muscles that act on the arytenoid/vocal folds

Cricoarytenoids (Posterior and Lateral)

Arytenoids (Oblique/Transverse)

Thyroarytenoid

Cricothyroid

Vocalis (most related to the vocal ligament)

In the larynx regions, what are the primary branches of the Vagus nerve

Superior Laryngeal Nerve with…

          Internal and External Branches

Recurrent Laryngealthat terminates as the Inferior Laryngeal N

The Left Recurrent Laryngeal will swing around what structure to “recur” back up into the neck

Aortic arch

The Right Recurrent Laryngeal will swing around what structure to “recur” back up into the neck

Right Subclavian A

Most of the vocal fold muscles are innervated by what nerve

Recurrent Laryngeal via Inferior Laryngeal N (CN X)

What is the ONLY vocal fold muscle that is the exception, and what is it innervated by

Cricothyroid muscle innervated by the External branch of the Superior Laryngeal N

What is the only muscle that will ABDUCT the true vocal folds

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle = Recurrent Laryngeal N (Vagus)

What vocal fold muscles will ADDUCT the folds

Lateral cricoarytenoid = Recurrent Laryngeal N (Vagus)

Oblique and Transverse arytenoid = Recurrent Laryngeal N (Vagus)

The two muscles that will relax or tense up the vocal ligament to change pitch

Thryoarytenoid  (RELAX (shorten) = Recurrent Laryngeal N (Vagus)

Cricothyroid (STRETCH or tense/lengthen) = Superior Laryngeal N (Vagus)

What are the primary arteries of these vocal fold muscles

EXTERNAL CAROTID TO THE SUPERIOR THYROID TO THE SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTERY 

 

AND

 

THYROCERVICAL TRUNK TO THE INFERIOR THYROID TO THE INFERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTERY

What are the 3 aspects of the pharynx

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Which aspect of the pharynx will be continuous with the esophagus

Laryngopharynx = laryngopharynx contains the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Which aspect of the pharynx will you find the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

Oropharynx

What are the nerves of the Pharyngeal Plexus

Vagus N

Glossopharyngeal N

What are the primary muscles of the pharynx that will move the bolus towards the esophagus in a peristaltic fashion (Constrict pharynx)

Superior, Middle, Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Which nerve innervates the Constrictor Muscles

Vagus N through Pharyngeal Plexus

Which arteries (in general) supply the constrictor muscles

Branches of External Carotid: PRIMARILY

1)     Ascending Pharyngeal A

2)     Branches of the Facial A

3)     Branches of Lingual A

Branches of Maxillary Artery

What are the muscles of the pharynx that will elevate the pharynx to meet the bolus upon swallowing

Longitudinal muscles:

Salpingopharyngeus

Stylopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

Which muscle will run from the palate to the thyroid cartilage

Palatopharyngeus

Which muscle will run from the Eustachian tube to the thyroid cartilage

Salpingopharyngeus

Which muscle will run from the Styloid process of the temporal bone to the Thyroid Cartilage

Stylopharyngeus

Which muscle will primarily elevate the tongue NOT the pharynx, the exception to those above (running from the palate to the tongue)

Palatoglossus

What nerve innervates most of these longitudinal muscles with the exception of the stylopharyngeus

Vagus Nerve

What is the only muscle that is primarily innervated by the glossopharyngeal (motor) within the pharyngeal plexus (The exception)*

Stylopharyngeus

What are the primary arteries (in general) for the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

Branches of External Carotid: PRIMARILY

1)         Ascending Pharyngeal A

2)         Branches of the Facial A

3)         Branches of Lingual A

4)        Branches of Maxillary Artery