Chp 17: Persuasive Speaking

Syllogism

Syllogism

________- sets up a series of claims that build upon each other to reach a conclusion.

Bandwagon

________- urges people to follow the same path everyone else is taking.

Non-sequitur

________ - ‘ it does not follow (lack of a logical connection); speaker makes an unjustified move from one topic to another.

Slippery slope

________- speaker argues that once a course of action is taken, a series of other unavoiable and undesirable events will necessarily take place.

Appeal to Pity

________ - the attempt to influence an audience by exploiting their feelings of sympathy, guilt, or desire to ameliorate suffering.

Persuasion

________- attempting to change the attitudes, actions, or beliefs of another person.

Hasty generalization

________- speaker uses a small sample of evidence to draw unjustified conclusions about an entire group or category.

Refutations

________- persuasive speeches in which a speaker defends his or her own position on an issue while responding ot the arguments of another person.

Logical fallacies

________- errors in reasoning that lead to invalid conclusions.

Comparative advantages

________: compares alternative solutions and identifies best one.

Deductive reasoning

________ - involves using general truths to reach a certain conclusion about a specific instance.

Ad hominem

________- attack or praise; speaker tries to equate the quality of someones argument with the quality of his or her character by calling him or her something that would be perceived as negative by the audience.

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

________ : persuades audience to adopt a plan of action.

Inductive reasoning

________- involves using several specific instances or pieces of evidence to draw probable conclusions about general truths.

Straw man

________- speaker ignores the actual position of his or her opponent, misrepresents the opponents positions, and then attacks that made- up position instead of the actual position.

Reasoning by analogy

________- comparison of two similar cases in order to argue that what is true in one case is also true in the other because the two cases share similar features.

Aristotle

________ argued for three means of persuasion.

Questions (proposition) of fact

________- persuasive messages that attempt to change the audience's beliefs about something.

Artistic proofs

________: Aristotles category for credibility, emotion, and logic within a persuasive appeal; he (Aristotle) called them artistic because the speaker creates them.

False cause

________- speaker assumes that one event caused another unrelated event to occur.

Questions (proposition) of value

_______- persuasive messages that try to change the audience's attitudes toward a topic by convincing the audience whether or not a belief, object, or an action is moral, ethical, important, or worthwhile.

Questions (proposition) of policy

________- persuasive messages that try to change the audience's actions or convince the audience that something should be done.