Geography and History of the Philippines: Location, Maps, and Early Settlements

Vocabulary flashcards covering geography fundamentals, map components, relative and absolute locations of the Philippines, UNCLOS definitions, and early settlement types.

Absolute Location

The exact and precise geographic location of a place, city, or country on Earth using coordinates.

Estratehikong Lokasyon (Strategic Location)

Being situated in an advantageous, suitable, or favorable geographic position.

Relatibong Lokasyon (Relative Location)

Determining the position of a place based on surrounding or nearby geographical features and countries.

Ruta

A regular path or course traveled during a journey.

Tapiseriya

A thick woven textile artwork featuring designs or pictures.

Mapa

A visual representation or drawing showing all or part of a region on a smaller scale.

Globo

A three-dimensional spherical model of the Earth mounted on a stand to depict its true shape.

Parallel

Horizontal lines that run in an east-west direction around the Earth.

Meridian

Vertical lines that extend from one geographical pole to another.

Latitud

The angular distance measured between two parallel lines.

Longhitud

The angular distance measured between two meridian lines.

Prime Meridian

The starting meridian located at $0^\bullet$ longitude with a total span of $180^\bullet$, dividing Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

International Date Line

The line positioned at $180^\bullet$ longitude directly opposite the Prime Meridian, essential for setting global standard dates and times.

Ekwador

An imaginary parallel line measuring $360^\bullet$ located at $0^\bullet$ latitude, dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Polong Hilaga (North Pole)

The northernmost point of the Earth, home to the Arctic Ocean, ice, and cold temperatures year-round.

Polong Timog (South Pole)

The southernmost point of the Earth located on Antarctica, permanently covered in ice with freezing conditions.

Tropiko ng Kanser (Tropic of Cancer)

An imaginary parallel located at $23.5^\bullet$ North Latitude where the sun aligns directly overhead on June 21.

Tropiko ng Kaprikorniyo (Tropic of Capricorn)

An imaginary parallel located at $23.5^\bullet$ South Latitude where the sun aligns directly overhead on December 21.

Kabilugang Artiko (Arctic Circle)

An imaginary line at $66.5^\bullet$ North Latitude marking the southern limit of midnight sun and polar night phenomena.

Kabilugang Antartiko (Antarctic Circle)

An imaginary line at $66.5^\bullet$ South Latitude marking the northern limit of midnight sun and polar night phenomena.

Grid

A net-like network on a map or globe formed by intersecting latitude and longitude lines to pinpoint precise coordinates.

Pangunahing Direksiyon

The four main cardinal directions used to locate geographic points on maps and globes.

Pangalawang Direksiyon

Intercardinal directions formed between two main cardinal directions to assist in accurate location determination.

Lokasyong Vicinal

Relative location of a place defined by neighboring lands or adjacent territorial entities without using precise coordinates.

Relatibong Lokasyong Kontinental

Location of a country relative to surrounding continents or countries belonging to the continent.

Relatibong Lokasyong Maritime

Location of a country relative to nearby oceans, seas, and surrounding bodies of water.

Doktrinang Kapuluan (Archipelagic Doctrine)

A legal and geographic doctrine defining an archipelago as a single unified territorial entity inclusive of its internal waters.

UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, an international treaty signed in 1982 at Montego Bay, Jamaica governing maritime boundaries and ocean resource ownership.

Territorial Sea

A maritime zone extending up to $12\,\text{nautical miles}$ from a state's coastline over which full sovereign jurisdiction is exercised.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

A sea zone extending up to $200\,\text{nautical miles}$ from the baseline where a coastal state has exclusive rights to natural resources.

Continental Shelf

The extended seabed area beyond $200\,\text{nautical miles}$ over which a coastal country retains sovereign rights to subsoil resources.

International Waters (High Seas)

Open sea areas extending beyond $200\,\text{nautical miles}$ from shore that are shared equally by all nations for trade, navigation, and scientific research.

Pamayanang Ilaya

Ancient settlements located in elevated inland regions such as mountains, ranges, or high hills.

Pamayanang Ilawud

Ancient settlements situated in low-lying coastal regions or along major riverways leading to the sea.