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Crude oil
petroleum that has not been processed
What is crude oil a mixture of?
different length hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon
a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
Fraction
a group of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points
Distillation
a process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points
Alkane
a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds
Alkanes are called ... hydrocarbons
saturated
What does it mean if a hydrocarbon is saturated?
it contains as many hydrogen molecules as possible
Meth-
1 carbon
Eth-
2 carbons
Prop-
3 carbons
But-
4 carbons
Methane
CH₄
Ethane
C₂H₆
Propane
C₃H₈
Butane
C₄H₁₀
Alkane general formula
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
What kind of hydrocarbon is most useful?
short-chain hydrocarbons
Volatility
a measure of how readily a substance vaporizes
Short-chain hydrocarbon boiling points
lower boiling points
Short-chain hydrocarbon volatility
higher volatility
Short-chain hydrocarbon viscosity
lower viscosity
Short-chain hydrocarbon flammability
higher flammability
Fractional distillation
refining petroleum by separating compounds according to their boiling points
Fractionating column
a column used to separate fractions based upon their boiling points.
Residue
thick, sticky long-chain hydrocarbons
Residue use:
bitumen for roads and roofs
What happens to crude oil before it goes into a fractionating column?
it is vaporised
Complete combustion
a combustion reaction in which the only products are carbon dioxide and water
Oxidised
a substance that has had oxygen added to it
Blue cobalt chloride and water
goes from blue to pink
Anhydrous copper sulfate
goes from white to blue
Incomplete combustion
combustion where not enough oxygen is supplied
Products of incomplete combustion
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water
