Research Methods
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Last updated 4:40 AM on 9/14/22
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19 Terms
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Prospective
longitudinal
initially healthy people tested and retested over time (for Dvs and IVs) study establishes correlation.
initially healthy people tested and retested over time (for Dvs and IVs) study establishes correlation.
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Retrospective
case- control
subjects divided based of DV
IVs are measured retrospectively- according to medical records
allows correlations to be made
subjects divided based of DV
IVs are measured retrospectively- according to medical records
allows correlations to be made
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La monte questions
due next tues, not this thurs
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Placebo Effect
perceived change, mental
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Cross-Sectional
individuals selected at random from a population
IVs and DVs are measured at once
can be divided into groups and compare means
allows correlations to be made between potential risk factors
IVs and DVs are measured at once
can be divided into groups and compare means
allows correlations to be made between potential risk factors
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Prospective
longitudinal; initially healthy people tested and retested over time (for Dvs and IVs); study establishes correlation
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Threshold
where the integrator decides if the variation between the set point and the actual value are too big
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6 Steps of the Scientific Method
1. Make an observation
2. Form hypothesis based on observation
3. Make a prediction based on hypothesis
4. Design and conduct study to test hypothesis
5. From results modify hypothesis
6. Go back to step 3 and repeat
2. Form hypothesis based on observation
3. Make a prediction based on hypothesis
4. Design and conduct study to test hypothesis
5. From results modify hypothesis
6. Go back to step 3 and repeat
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What graph should you use to compare the means of two groups?
Bar graph
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What graph should you use when looking at how a variable changes over time?
Line graph
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What graph should you use when looking at the relationship between two variables?
Scatter plot
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Coefficient of Determination
R^2 ranges from 0-1
shows the strength of a relationship (closer to 1 is stronger)
the % of the data that is closest to the line of best fit
shows the strength of a relationship (closer to 1 is stronger)
the % of the data that is closest to the line of best fit
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Correlation Coefficient
r ranges from -1 - +1
shows the strength of a relationship
Direction of the relationship
Closer to +1 is a closer relationship
shows the strength of a relationship
Direction of the relationship
Closer to +1 is a closer relationship
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Potential Cofounders
variables that could impact the DV
(hopefully balanced between the 2+ groups)
(experimental studies)
(hopefully balanced between the 2+ groups)
(experimental studies)
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Observational Study Types
cross-sectional, retrospective, prospective
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Extraneous Variables
variables not measured or control
believed to have no impact on dependent variable or accounted for by randomization
believed to have no impact on dependent variable or accounted for by randomization
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Potential Confounders
variables that could effect the DV
should be balanced between groups in experimental design
should be balanced between groups in experimental design
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Type 1 Errors
rejection of a hypothesis that is actually true
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Type 2 Error
failing to reject a false hypothesis