Eukaryotic Major Clades

endosymbiotic theory

A pre-eukaryotic ate a bacterium capable of doing aerobic respiration, and now produces a lot more ATP per intake.

The symbiotic bacterium became the mitochondria and that pre-eukaryote was the ancestor to all eukaryotes.

Eukaryotes hypothesis

mitochondria evolved inside the eukaryotic cells

Discoba

Synapomorphy: disc-shaped cristae in mitochondria

Archaeplastida

Synapomorphy: Lives in freshwater

Rhizaria

Synapomorphy: Has feeding apendages

Alveolata

Synapomorphy: Cortical alveolae (large, flattened vesicles immediately under the plasma membrane)

Stremenopila

Synapomorphy: Stamenopiles (straw hairs)

Metamonada

Synapomorphy: 3-4 flagella

Opisthokonta

Synapomorphy: singular, posterior flagellum

Amoebozoa

Synapomorphy: feed via lobe-like pseudopodia

Archaeplastida Meaning

Early plastid

SAR & A

(Stremenopila, Alveolata, Rhizaria, & Archaeplastida)

- All have at least 1 kingdom that has the lifestyle/growth patterns of algae

SAR

(Stremenopila, Alveolata, Rhizaria)

- Organisms that are evolved into heterotrophs after losing their secondary plastid