refugee flows + EXAMPLE Sudan - Chad

what is a refugee

a forced migrant who must leave their country because of persecution or likely death

Characteristics

usually few men if war is push factor, they will stay and fight

Sudan - Chad, 50% under 12, 88% are women and children

Scale

0.5 million Sudanese in Chad

700K Syrians in Germany

175K Ukrainians in UK

Pattern

Distance - shortest possible to find safety initially (Chad neighbours Sudan)

generally a short term thing as people don’t want to move so will return as soon as it is safe

Impact on destination

may be allowed to work e.g. Ukrainians given permit

strain on local systems (CHAD, water stress, depletion of wood supplies in Chad - deforestation, Chad already in food insecurity)

tension (CHAD, locals see scarce resources going to refugees)

need for aid

refugee camps - often become established settlements with own economy

egs.

Ukraine to UK, 175k

Syria to Germany, 700k (2015 Merkle open door policy, ageing population)

South Sudan to Chad, 0.5 million