Vocab quiz #2 for aphug unit 2

Asylum

The protection from oppression or hardship offered by another country.

Brain Drain

The large-scale emigration of a large group of individuals with technical skills or knowledge.

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Circulation

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

Counter Migration

The return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated.

Counter Urbanization

The process by which a significant portion of the population of an urban center starts to migrate away from the city to live in suburbs or rural areas.

Distance Decay

The name of the theory that states that as the distance between two places increases, the interaction between those two places decreases.

Emigration

The process of leaving one's country of origin in order to settle in another country permanently.

Forced Migration

People that are forced to migrate because of a threat to their life and cannot return for fear of persecution.

Guest Workers

People who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs.

Immigration

The movement of people to another country for permanent settlement.

Internal Migration

Movement within a nation/state.

International Migration

Permanent movement from one country to another.

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Intraregional Migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Intervening Obstacles

An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.

Intervening Opportunities

A feature (usually economic) that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than his original one.

Migration

The physical movement of people from one place to another.

Migration Transition

The change in migration patterns within a society caused by industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.

Mobility

All types of movement from one location to another.

Net Migration

The number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including citizens and noncitizens.

Pull Factors

Positive factors that attract people to new areas from other areas.

Push Factors

Something that encourages an individual to migrate away from a certain place.

Quotas (Quota Laws)

A law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Refugees

People who are being forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society.

Suburbanization

The growth of cities outside of an urban area.

Undocumented Immigrants

People who enter a country without proper documents.

Urbanization

The process by which people live and are employed in a city.

Voluntary Migration

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they were forced to move.

Xenophobia

Fear or dislike of foreigners significantly different from oneself.

Ravenstien's Laws of Migration

Most migrants only move a short distance. Occurs in steps. Urban areas attract both long-distance and rural migrants. Every migration generates a counter-migration. young, single males are more likely to migrate longer distances than women. Most migration is due to economic factors.

Exurbanites

Person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas.

Remittance

Money immigrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash.

"Center of Population"

A geographical point that represents the average location of the population.

Internally Displaced Persons

Someone who is forced to leave their home but who remains within their country's borders.

Cyclic Movement

Regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place.

Geographic Center

A country's physical central point.

Step Migration

When a migrant follows a path of a series of stages, or steps toward a final destination.

Transhumance

Form of pastoralism or nomadism organized around the migration of livestock between mountain pastures in warm seasons and lower altitudes the rest of the year.

Wilbur Zelinsky

An American cultural geographer. He was most recently a professor emeritus at Pennsylvania State University. He also created the Zelinsky Model of Demographic Transition.

Zelinsky's Migration Transition

Also known as the Migration Transition Model, claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society itis. A connection is drawn from migration to the stages of within the Demographic Transition Model (DTM). Developed by Wilbur Zelinsky, longtime professor of geography at the Pennsylvania State University.

Stage One of Migration Transition

("Premodern traditional society"): There are very high levels of mobility (nomadism), but very little migration.

Stage Two of Migration Transition

("Early transitional society"): During this is a "massive movement from countryside to cities" occurs. And internationally there is a high rate of emigration, although the total population number is still rising.

Stage Three of Migration Transition

("Late transitional society"): Corresponds to the "critical rung...of the mobility transition" where urban-to-urban migration surpasses the rural-to-urban migration, where rural-to-urban migration "continues but at waning absolute or relative rates".

Stage Four of Migration Transition

("Advanced society"): During this the "movement from countryside to city continues but is further reduced in absolute and relative terms, vigorous movement of migrants from city to city and within individual urban agglomerations... especially within a highly elaborated lattice of major and minor metropolises" is observed. A large increase of urban to suburban migration can also occur.

Cotton Belt

Term by which the American South used to be known, as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region. The same area is now known as the New South because people have migrated here from older cities in the industrial north for a better climate and new job opportunities.

Rust Belt

Northern Industrial States of the United States, including Illinois, Ohio, Michigan and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the USA and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate.

Sun Belt

The region of the USA mostly comprised of the southeastern and southwestern states, which has seen an increase in its population and economic prosperity since World War II. The Sun Belt is an increasingly attractive place to live for many people, leading to its rapid growth in recent decades.