Clinical Nutrition- Exam 1- Nutrition in Weight Management

What are some factors that cause obesity

Genetics

Family reinforcement

Physiologic factors (growth periods, BMR, activity, lean muscle mass)

Psychological factors

Other environmental factors

What are some health risks of obesity

Pulmonary disease

Nonalcoholic fatter liver disease

Gallbladder disease

Gynecological abnormality

OA

Gout

Phlebitis

Cancer

Coronary heart disease (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipedmia)

How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed

Need at least 3 measures abnormal

Factors that lead to being diagnosed with metabolic syndrome

Waist circumference

Triglycerides

HDL

Blood pressure

Fasting glucose

Unhealthy waist circumference for metabolic syndrome

>40 inches for men

>35 inches for women

Unhealthy triglycerides for metabolic syndrome

>150 mg/dL

Unhealthy HDL for metabolic syndrome

Unhealthy BP for metabolic syndrome

>130 and/or >85 mm HG

Unhealthy fasting glucose for metabolic syndrome

> 100 mg/dL

What are some effects of excess lipids

Lipotoxicity

Lipid peroxidation

Lipotoxicity with excessive lipids

Lipid build up in non adipose, causing ER stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death

Lipotoxicity effects what structures

Pancreas

Heart

Kidneys

Liver and muscles

Lipid peroxidation with excessive lipids

Perodixeds of PUFA for due to COX, LOX, cytochrome P450s and free radicals

Lipid peroxidation affects what

Membrane structure and tigger inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, etc.

Most common weight loss surgery in US

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy

Diets associated with weight loss

High protein

Zone diet

Low calorie

Energy restricted lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Low carb (short term)

Low fat

Low glycemic load with energy restriction

Mediterranean diet with energy restriction

Moderate protein

High protein diet

(25% energy from protein, 30% from fat, 45% from carbs)

Zone diet

(40% carbs, 30% fat, 30% protein)

Moderate protein diet

(12% protein, 30% fat)

Steps in clinical practice guidelines for obesity treatment

1. Recognize as chronic disease and get permission

2. Assessment

3, discussion of treatment options

4. Agreement regarding goals of therapy

5. Follow up and advocacy

How do the FDA approve weight loss drugs work

A lot suppress the appetite or decrease fat absorption or burn fat, or increases satiety

What are some components of a sound weight management program

Dietary modification swap as to decrease energy intake

Changing food behavior by managing cures

Increase activity each week

What screening questionnaire is used for eating disorders

SCOFF

Describe the SCOFF screening for eating disorders

Do you make yourself feel SICK cause you feel uncomfortably full?

Do you worry you have lost CONTROL over how much you eat

Have you recency lost more than ONE stone (14lb) in a 3 month period

Do you believe yourself to be FAT when others say you are too thin

Would you say that FOOD dominates your life