CHEM Chapter 2

A __________ is the simplest type of substance with unique physical and chemical properties, consisting of only one type of atom.

Element

A __________ is a structure that consists of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together and thus behaves as an independent unit.

Molecule

A __________ is a substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio by mass.

Compound

A __________ is a group of two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically intermingled.

Mixture

__________ retain their own identities and can be separated by physical means.

Mixtures

The __________ states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Physical

In a __________, particles are close together and organized.

Solid

In a __________, particles are close together but disorganized.

Liquid

In a __________, particles are far apart and disorganized.

Gas

Dalton postulated that all matter consists of __________, which are indivisible particles.

Atoms

The Law of __________ states that the total mass of substances does not change during a chemical reaction.

Mass Conservation

The Law of __________ states that when different numbers of atoms of elements combine, they must do so in ratios of small, whole numbers.

Multiple Proportions

In ionic bonding, electrons are __________ from one atom to another.

Transferred

In covalent bonding, electrons are __________ between atoms.

Shared

A __________ is a single atom or covalently bonded group of atoms that has an overall electrical charge.

Ion

The chemical formula indicates the type and __________ of each atom present in the smallest unit of a substance.

Number

Diatomic molecules consist of __________ atoms of the same element.

Two

To name binary compounds, the more electronegative element ends in __________.

-ide

Hydro- is a prefix used to name __________ acids.

Binary

Isotopes are atoms of an element with the same number of __________ but a different number of neutrons.

Protons

The atomic number (Z) is defined as the number of __________ in an atom of an element.

Protons

A __________ is formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio by mass.

Compound