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Abiotic Factor
A non-living feature of an ecosystem (rock, water, sun, etc.)
Biodiversity
the variety of life in the world or in a particular ecosystem or habitat
Biotic Factor
A living feature of an ecosystem (plants, animals, leaves, etc.)
Density-dependent factor
The tendency for the death rate in a population to increase, or the birth or growth rate to decrease, as the density of the population increases
Density-independent factor
The tendency for the death, birth or growth rate in a population neither to rise nor fall as the density increases
Population
a group of individuals of one species in an area
Coexistence
the living together of two organisms or species in the same habitat without trying to eliminate the other
Commensalism
an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm
Competition
an interaction between organisms or species for resources - food, shelter, etc.
Mutualism
a relationship between two species of organisms that both benefit from the relationship
Parasitism
a relationship between two organisms in which one benefits or lives off the other
Predation
an interaction between species in which one species (the predator) eats the other (the prey)
Symbiosis
interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.
Autotroph
an organism that makes its own food
Carbon Cycle
the transfer of carbon through naturally occurring processes between organisms and the environment
Carnivore
an organism that eats meat, from other animals
Consumer
an organism that obtains energy from feeding on another organism
Decomposer
organisms that break down waste and the remains of other organisms to return the raw materials back to the ecosystem
Ecological Pyramid
models that show how energy flows through ecosystems
Energy Pyramid
An energy pyramid is a graphical representation, showing the flow of energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
Number Pyramid
A graphical representation in the form of a pyramid showing the feeding relationship and the number of organisms at each trophic level.
Biomass Pyramid
a graphical representation of the relative biomasses of different ecosystems in a food chain, from primary producers to tertiary (or beyond) consumers, that is represented in a pyramid shape.
Food Chain
the order in which matter and energy in the form of food is transferred from one organism to another
Food Web
a network of food chains or feeding relationships
Herbivore
an animal that feeds on plants
Heterotroph
an organism that can not make its own food and gets its food from other organisms
Nitrogen Cycle
a continuous series of natural processes by which nitrogen passes successively from air to soil to organisms and back to air or soil
Omnivore
an organism that eats both plants and animals
Producer
an organism that can make its own food
Trophic Level
each level in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem
Water Cycle
the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface
Carrying Capacity
the total number of individuals of a population that can be sustained indefinitely by an ecosystem
Limiting Factors
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.
habitat
the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism
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