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8 functions of blood
TRANSPORT
Oxygen & nutrient delivery- O2 on the hemoglobin nutrients carried in plasma
Metabolic wastes (CO2 + nitrogenous wastes) carried to lungs and kidneys
Carry hormones in plasma
REGULATION
Maintain normal body temperature = 37C/98.6F
H2O in plasma absorbs heat
Metabolic reactions in cells produce heat
H2O/blood stores this heat
Maintain normal pH through a buffer reservoir of bicarbonate (HCO3-)
pH of blood is 7.35
Adds a H+ in basic conditions
Remove a H+ in acidic conditions
Maintain volume of circulatory system = help maintain BP
PROTECTION
Clot formation to prevent blood loss through platelets and proteins in plasma
Contains immune cells and proteins to fight infections (leukocytes and antibodies)
Characteristics of leukocytes
Nucleated -> can divide/mitosis & increased number outside of bone marrow
Transported in blood or lymph
Should never have erythrocytes
May leave capillaries
Function in immune & defense
What are platelets/thrombocytes and what is their function?
Act in homeostasis -> clot
Fragments of megakaryocytes
Lack nucleus
List and define the stages of hemostasis.
Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation
Positive feedback
Coagulation
Cardiac output
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
Heart rate
beats per minute
Stroke volume
volume of blood ejected from ventricle In 1 minute
Arrythmia
Irregular heart beat, uncoordinated, may be fibrillation (rapid, irregular contractions)
SA node is disrupted by rapid activity in other regions of heart
Vascular spasm
vessel responds to injury by vasoconstriction
Benefit -> reduces blood flow until other mechanisms reduce blood flow
Platelet plug formation
Platelets are drawn to area of injury by chemotaxis
Platelets stick to collagen fibers exposed on broken blood vessel
Positive feedback -> draws more platelets to injury
Positive feedback
draws more platelets to injury
Coagulation
fibrin (from fibrinogen in plasma) forms a mesh that traps erythrocytes and platelets forming a clot
Blood
In blood vessel
Plasma
Formed elements, plasma
Gas exchange
Interstitial fluid
Leaked plasma between tissues
IF
Composition depends upon tissue surrounding it
H2O, sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, coenzymes (vitamins), hormones, neurotransmitters, leukocytes, waste, O2 & CO2
Lymph
Interstitial fluid picked up by lymphatic vessels
Composition depends upon where IF was located
Leukocytes, salts, fats, proteins, H2O