Perception

What a mental lecture

What are the two types of information used in perception?

Environmental energy and knowlege/expectations

Fill the gap: Distal object —> Proximal Stimulation —> X

Perceptual object

True or false, the perceptual object is identical to the distal object

False

What flow is the Ventral stream?

Primary cortex —> Categorization (“what”)

What is the flow of the Dorsal stream?

Primary cortex —> Action (“where”)

Outline the homonculus model

Representation of each body part in the visual and motor cortex

True or false, each body part in the homonculus model is represented equally?

False

What is the name given to the UV “stripes” that appear on the human body that we cannot perceive?

Blaschko Lines

Outline the four reasons that computers are struggling to simulate human perception

Inverse projection, Occluded and blurred objects, Difficulty with images of objects and Viewpoint invariance

Outline the Direct approach to perception

A Bottom up, Environmental stimuli based passive process

Outline the constructive approach to perception

A top down, knowledge and experience based active process

What main theory comes under the bottom up approach to understanding perception?

Gestalt inference

What main theories come under the top down approach to understanding perception?

Unconscious inference, Environmental regularities and Bayesian inference

Outline the Gestalt principles

A constructionist view that believes that perceptions are formed by adding sensations to it

Give 3 examples of Gestalt principles

Good continuation, Law of Pragnanz and Principle of similarity

How are Gestalt principles usually tested?

Optical illusions

Outline the theory of unconscious inference

Perception is based on physical properties but mainly experience

Give two examples that support unconscious inference

Bias in horizontal and vertical orientations and light-from-above assumptions

Outline the principle of Environmental regularities

A scene’s meaning (semantic properties) depends on the context of the scene

What is the term given to the knowledge of what is ordinarily is contained in a scene?

Scene Schema

What can influence scene schema?

cultural differences

Give an example that supports environmental regularities

The foam mattress/cheese problem

Outline Bayesian inference?

The estimated probability of what is most likely to happen in a given scene

What are the two interrelated factors that form Bayesian inference?

Prior knowledge and what is most probable to happen in a scene

What can aid in the perception of complex objects?

moving around the object

Fill in the blank: Perception is aided by X

Action

Give an example of an activity that requires perception and action to perform?

Music

Who is your favorite psychology student ever

Noah :)