OSHA,BLOODBOURNE,HIPPA note

What are bloodborne pathogens

pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood that can lead to diseases

Examples of primary concern

Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Hepatitis B (HBV)

over 12 million are affected (1 in 20) and is a silent infection

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea and vomiting, may lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death

How long can HBV survive for

at least one week in dried blood

Hepatitis C (HCV)

most common chronic bloodborne infection in the US and may lead to chronic liver disease and death

Symptoms of Hepatitis C

jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

this is the virus that leads to aids, affects the body's immune system, and does not survive well outside the body, and you are infected for life.

Contamination sources

blood, human body fluids, any unfixed tissue or organ, cultures, experimental animal blood, tissues, or organs infected with HIV and HBV

Spread of bloodborne pathogens occurs through

direct contact, indirect contact, respiratory transmission, vector borne transmission

How exposure occurs

needlsticks, cuts from other contaminated sharps, contact of mucous membrane or broken skin with contaminated blood or OPIM

Occupations at risk for blood borne pathogens

first responders, housekeeping personnel, nurses and other healthcare personnel, all exposure to blood

Required elements of exposure control plane include

exposure determination, schedule and method implementation, procedure for evaluation of exposure incidents

Observe standard precautions such as

treating all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated, proper cleanup and decontamination

Engineering and work practice controls

safer medical devices, sharps disposal containers, hand hygiene

Examples of PPE

gloves, masks, aprons, face shields, mouthpieces, safety glasses, CPR pocket masks

Employers responsibilities for controlling exposures

perform hazard assessment, identify and provide appropriate PPE, Train employees on use and car, maintain/replace PPE

Employee's responsibility for controlling exposures

properly wear PPE, attend training, care for clean and maintain, notify when repairs/replacements needed

Regulated waste disposal

dispose of regulated waste in closable, leak proof red or biohazard labeled bags or containers, dispose of contaminated sharps in closeable, puncture resistance or leakproof

Hepatitis B vaccination is

offered to all potentially exposed employees, provided at no cost to employees

There are no vaccinations for which diseases

Hepatitis C and HIV

Exposure incident

specific eye, mouth or other mucous membrane, non intact skin, parenteral contact with blood that results from the performance of an employees duties

What are the immediate actions when exposure occurs

wash exposed area with soap and water, flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with water, irrigate eyes with water and saline

What should you do to notify of exposure

report exposure immediately, direct employee to healthcare professional for treatment

What occurs during a confidential medical evaluation and follow up

routes of exposures and circumstances, source individual, collect/test blood for HBV and HIV, post exposure prophylaxis, counseling, evaluation

1996

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

2009

Health information technology for economic and clinical health rule

2013

Omnibus Rule

United States legislation

provides data privacy and security provisions for safeguarding medical information

What is a covered Entity

Any provider of medical or other health services, or a person that has PHI. They provide bills or are paid in connection with serves in the normal course of business.Required to comply with HIPPA regulations. Required to have risk assessment compliance training for their staff and book of evidence that contains HIPPA

Exmaples of covered entity

Physicians, optometrists, dentists, nurses, mental health providers, radiologists, pharmacies, call centers, laboratories, call center, hospital, ambulance, case managers, social worker

What is PHI

Any information that is individual to your patient, past, present or future, about the care provided, the physical health and mental health of an individual is PHI

What does PHI include

documentation of doctors visits, charts, and notes made by physicians or other provider staff.

HIPAA covers all forms of PHI including

electronic paper or oral formats

The HIPPAA privacy rule sets standards for

What usage and disclosures are authorized or required, What rights patients have with respect to their health information

A security officers duties include

Developing and implementing its security policies and procedures, Determining who should be authorized to access PHI, Training all staff in security policies and procedures, Applying appropriate sanctions against workforce members who violate the policies or procedures, Performing a periodic risk assessment of how well the security policies and procedures meet the requirements the security rule

What are the patient's rights with PHI

A covered entity must provide an accounting of all PHI disclosures made for treatment, payment and healthcare operations during the prior six years upon request

The privacy policy describes

How medical information about you may be used and disclosed, How you can get access to this information, Process for patients to use to filing complaints, What types of uses and disclosures are PHI are permitted, What types of uses and disclosures require authorization

Skull/crossbones

acute toxicity fatal or toxic

Exclamation mark

irritant skin sensitizer

Corrosion

skin burns

Flame

flammable self reactives

Flame over circle

oxidizers

Gas cylinder

gases under pressure

Exploding bomb

explosives organic peroxides

Environment

environmental hazard aquatic toxicity

Product identifier and codes

Signal word, Pictograms, Hazard statement,Precautionary statement, Distributer information

Tuberculosis infection control

Airborne disease, N95 respirators are prevention for TB

Symptoms of TB

A prolonged cough, 3 weeks or longer, Bloodly sputum or phlegm, Fatigue, Fever, Night sweats, Chest Pain, Weight Loss

Medical waste

any waste that may present a threat of infection to humans

Examples of medical waste

Infectious biomedical contaminated wastes. Soft absorbent and non absorbent should be put in a biomedical waste bag

HIV

May be present in human blood, semen, vaginal secretions, saliva, tears, breast milk, urine, Primarily a sexual disease, Needle sticks

Initial stage of HIV

occurs within weeks of acquiring the virus typically

Flulike symptoms of HIV

Fever, Diarrhea,Fatigue, Rash, Joint Pains, Swollen Lymph Glands

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

Hepatitis A

spread through fecal contamination and not really considered a serious risk

Hepatitis B

specifically addressed in the bloodborne pathogen standard, considered a serious risk to workers

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, joint pain, jaundice

Prevention of Hepatitis B is having

a vaccination of 3 doses over a 6 month period

Hepatitis C

transmitted through exposure to infected blood, such as blood transfusions and mother to newborn, Its a silent killer that causes few symptoms

Universal Precautions

Treat every patient like they are infections

PPE (personal protective equipment)

To protect you from exposure of blood bourn pathogens

Engineering controls

all measures that isolate or remove a hazard from the workplace (Sharps containers, Non

Housekeeping

The disinfectant must be bactericidal (kill bacteria) and fungicidal (kill bacterial)

Hazard communications

Must have a written hazard communication plan, Labels on hazards materials, Safety data sheets for use of hazard materials,Identifying chemicals

Hazard rating chart shows what certain chemicals are and the hazards they have

blue, red, yellow

Blue on the rating chart

represents a health hazard

Red on the rating chart

represents a fire hazard

Yellow on the rating chart

represents a reactivity hazard

White on the rating chart

represents

1

slight hazard

2

moderate hazard

3

serious hazard

4

severe hazard

Fire plan

Always use the stairs,Floor plan diagram shows fire extinguishers, Fire assembly area for where to meet if there is a fire

When there is a fire

Sound the fire alarm and call 91, Identify a safe evacuation path before approaching the fire, Select the appropriate type of fire extinguisher

Discharge the extinguisher with its affect range using the PASS technique

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

Pull

pull the pin

Aim

aim low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire

Squeeze

squeeze the handle

Sweep

sweep from side to side at the base of the fire

Disruptive workplace violence

Respond quietly and calmly. Try to defuse the situation, Dont take the behavior personally, Ask questions and consider offering an apology even if you've done nothing wrong

Threatening workplace violence

Calmly and firmly set limits, Ask the individual to stop the behavior and warn of official action, If the individual continues despite warnings, direct them to leave the building

Violent Behavior

Make sure coworkers are near by don't isolate yourself, Try to use a calm, nonconfrontational approach to diffuse the situation, Never touch the individual yourself trying to remove them

Shelter in Place

In an emergency where hazardous materials are in the environment, Remain indoors

Natural Disaster

Locations of safe rooms or areas and things needed in case of emergency

General Duty clause

the employer has the obligation to protect workers from serious and recognized workplace hazards even when there isn't a standard

HIV

May be present in human blood, semen, vaginal secretions, saliva, tears, breast milk, urine, Primarily a sexual disease, Needle sticks

Initial stage of HIV

occurs within weeks of acquiring the virus typically

Flulike symptoms of HIV

Fever, Diarrhea,Fatigue, Rash, Joint Pains, Swollen Lymph Glands

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

Hepatitis A

spread through fecal contamination and not really considered a serious risk

Hepatitis B

specifically addressed in the bloodborne pathogen standard, considered a serious risk to workers

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, joint pain, jaundice

Prevention of Hepatitis B is having

a vaccination of 3 doses over a 6 month period

Hepatitis C

transmitted through exposure to infected blood, such as blood transfusions and mother to newborn, Its a silent killer that causes few symptoms

Universal Precautions

Treat every patient like they are infections

PPE (personal protective equipment)

To protect you from exposure of blood bourn pathogens

Engineering controls

all measures that isolate or remove a hazard from the workplace (Sharps containers, Non

Housekeeping

The disinfectant must be bactericidal (kill bacteria) and fungicidal (kill bacterial)