chapter 20

upper respiratory tract consists of

nasal passages, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx

lower respiratory tract

trachea, right + left bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, mucociliary escalator

common cold WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE common cause + entry + symptoms

viral upper respiratory + rhinovirus (200 viral subtypes) + inhalation/ contact + scratchy throat + congested nose

viral sinusitis WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + progression + symptoms

viral upper respiratory + infection of upper airways spread to sinuses + congestion/ inflammation

Bronchitis WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + symptoms

viral lower respiratory + infection of bronchial tubes 5+ day cough

Pneumonia: WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + symptoms

viral lower respiratory + lung infection causing shortness of breath and cough

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease: WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + cause + entry + symptoms (most effected age group)

viral lower respiratory + adjacent infected cells fuse into a syncytium (giant cell) + inhalation of mucus + feaver/ runny nose/ cough/ (children under 2 causes phenomena)

Influenza WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + Types + proteins under a specific type

viral lower respiratory

Type A: antigenic shift, seasonal pandemic, flu

Type B: antigenic drift

1. HA: viral attachments

2. M2: escape from endocytic vacuole

3. NA: cleaves residues that bind virus to host cells

COVID-19: WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + cause + preceded

viral lower respiratory + severe acute respiratory system coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) + MERS 2012 and SARS 2003

Croup: WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + cause + symptoms (most effected age group)

viral lower respiratory + parainfluenza virus + fever/ runny nose/ barking cough caused by larynx swelling (children 6m/o - 5 year)

Sore throat: what infection type is more serious + the 4 kinds

bacterial

1. Pharyngitis: inflammation of pharynx

2. Tonsillitis: inflammation of tonsils

3. Laryngitis: inflammation of larynx

4. Peritonsillar Abscess: abcess in pharynx

otitis media (middle ear infection): WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + 3 causes + treatment

bacterial upper respiratory

1. streptococcus pneumoniae

2. Haemophilus infuenzae

3. moraxella catarrhalis

antibiotics/ children need drainage tube

Streptococcus pharyngitis (strep throat): WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + transmission + symptoms + what else can it cause/ one identifying symptom

bacterial upper respiratory+ direct/ indirect + exudate on tonsils/ enlarged lymph nodes/ sore throat/ fever + exotoxins can cause scarlet fever with strawberry tongue

streptococcus sequelae: WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + when it happens + what two things come from it

bacterial upper respiratory+ results after primary disease

1. Rheumatic fever (cardiac/ joint pain)

2. Glomerulonephritis (kidney)

Diphtheria (reemerging): WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + cause + some have what special thing

bacterial upper respiratory+ corynebacterium diphtheriae + some are toxigenic b/c phage

whooping cough/ pertussis (reemerging): WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + cause + transmission

bacterial upper respiratory + bordetella perussis + inhalation of droplets

fungal respiratory infections entry + treatment

environment + amphotericin B

community acquired phenomena: WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + atypical

bacterial lower respiratory + atypical is gradual/ many organ systems

25% (the largest) community acquired phenomena is what species and what does it do

Streptococcus pneumoniae + fluid develops through leaky blood vessels and neutrophils rush to the site but your body cant make enough so it releases immature neutrophils causing a "shift to the left" on a blood test showing body fighting a severe infection

Legionellosis (Legionnaires Disease): WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE +cause and speciality + symptoms + culture + what other disease

bacterial lower respiratory + legionella pneumophila + atypical pneumonia + fever/ bloody cough/ mental symptoms/ shortness of breath + culturing BCYE + pontiac fever

Tuberculosis (TB): WHAT TRACT AND WHAT INFECTION TYPE + cause + virulence + latent TB + Active TB + Secondary TB

bacterial lower respiratory +mycobacterium tuberculosis an acid fast bacteria with a waxy cell wall + spreads fast/ few organisms needed to establish/ dangerous even in healthy people + in latency the patient is not infectious and bacilli are contained by the immune system + in active patient is contagious and coughing generates sputum + in secondary patient is immunocompromised and severe cough w/ green or bloody sputum