W'ERN REBELLION

Why did Cornwall see itself as a land apart?

had a different language, geographically far away, had stannaries

What was Cornwall’s largest town, how many inhabitants did it have?

Bodmin, 1,000

What did Cornwall rely on for money?

tin mining, very meagre

What is Loade’s quote about Devon?

more hostile towards their gentry than in most other parts of England

How was William Body a cause for the rebellion?

he was investigating church property in the county in 1547 due to the chantries act, his arrogance and the investigation created a swirl of rumours and fears, the iconoclasm committed by him in the next year led a group of men from Helston to kill him

Who was William Body?

Arch-deacon of Cornwall and a mate of Cromwell, had been in Cornwall since 1537

Who led the group of men to kill Body?

a priest

What happened to those who killed Body?

a group of Devon gentlemen were going to kill 28 people but in reality only killed 10

What was the final straw for the cornish?

the introduction of the new Prayer book on the 10th of June

What was the religious cause of rebellion in Sampford Peverell?

by their priest;s use of the new prayer book on Whitsunday 1549

Why were the cornish opposed to the new book of common prayer?

didn’t speak English, spoke cornish so wouldn’t understand it

How many chantries were dissolved in Cornwall?

15 chantries dissolved, attempts to pacify by building 4 new schools

Where do protesters initially assemble in Cornwall, who was their leader?

Bodmin, Humphrey Arundell

Who was Humphrey Arundell?

a minor gentry, a cousin of sr John Arundell who was very wealthy Humphrey is an angry, neglected brash man who sees an opportunity

What is the government’s repsonse to the initial rally in Bodmin?

nothing, JPs do nothing

How many sets of articles are there, where are the first ones drawn up?

3, Sampford Courtney

After leaving Bodmin where did the rebels go?

Sampford Courtney were they persuaded the other rebels to join and then marched to crediton

What does Hellier attempt to do, what happens to him?

attempt to calm the rebels in Devon, hacked to pieces

Who is Sr Peter Carew?

the leading gentleman in Devon

What does Carew do?

rode to meet the combined forces in Crediton on the 21st June, one of his servants accidently set fire to a barn so he fled back to Exeter then London

Why did Carew aggravate the situation?

he was a known protestant

What does Somerset tell Carew off for?

one of his servants accidently setting fire to a barn

Where did the rebel army go after Carew fled?

up to the walls of exeter and then to Clyst St Mary on the 23rd of June

Who were Deny and Pollard

rebel sympathisors

What did Deny and Pollard do?

made further unsuccessful attempts to reconcile the rebels by agreeing to no religious change until Edward came of age, but they had no right to say this

What do the Cornish initially want in regards to Edward and religous change

none to occur until Edward becomes 24

Why was Somerset acting on inedequate information?

relied on info from Carew when he fled, so thinks rebels are still at Sampford Courteney

What did Somerset order on the 29th June

urged Lord Russell to find a peaceful settlement and wrote a conciliatory response to rebel demands

Why did Somerset send Russell?

He was a catholic

What was Somerset also dealing with at the time, what did this mean for Russell?

riots in the midlands, the scots and fear of french invasion, could provide him witj only a small army

Where did Russell initially try and get men from?

surrounding counties of WIltshire and Somerset but they were sympathetic to the rebel cause

What did Exeter do during the rebellion?

held out against rebels for six weeks, but one of the gates was set fire to

When did Russell make his last attempt to make settlement with the rebels?8th July

What happened to Lord Grey?

was suppose to help but was delayed on the 12th July by another rising in Oxfordshire

What did Russell do on the 28th July after pressure from Somerset?

began his advace with reinforcements, including 300 italian mercenaries and was aided by the arrival of Lord Grey on the 3rd of August

Why did Russell want to leave 1000 men at Plymouth?

fear of french invasion who would piggyback off of rebels - French had no intention of this

When did confrontations between russell and the rebels occur?

fenny bridges, Clyst St Mary and Clyst Heath and each time the rebels were pushed back

What did Russell do on the 6th August?

relieved Exeter and government reinforcements under sr William Herbet arrived

Why did Somerset really want the rebels dealt with quickly by the end?

France had declared war on England on the 8th august

When and where were the rebels defeated?

16th August, Sampford Courteney

What is the estimate of people killed?

between 3-4,000

Who was Robert Welsh?

Vicar of St Thomas Church and leader of the rebellion

What happened to Robert Welsh?

hanged on gallows erected on his church in his vestements with his sacring bell and pairing bell hung alongside

Why did the actions of the government forces in punishing the rebels come under fire?

acted illegally, without a trial

What were the execution rates?

9000 people executed in 10 minute by having their throats slit, Clyst St Mary

Which other rebellion could be seen to influence this one?

the cornish rebellion of 1497 and the harsh treatmnt of the rebels

What was the predominant religious view in the south west?

Catholic

How did the peasants in Sampford Courtney describe the new english liturgy, what happened?

but lyke a christmas game, Jps arrived to eforce the change

WHat happened with inflation?

quadrupled between 1547-1549

How had enclosure effected people?

lost their rights to common land which they used to grow surplus and rear animals

What happened with the destruction of Glasney college, Cornwall?

brought an end to the formal scholarship that helped to sustain the cornish language and the cornish cultural identity

How many rebellions were there in 1549?

17

Which where the two largest rebellions of 1547, why?

Western (no Courtney family) and Ketts (no norfolk)

Why were there no rebellions in the north?

impact of the council of the north

How were most of the rebellions suppressed?

small number of executions and local gentry

Which is the only surviving article?

article 3 (the last one)

How many articles in article 3 discuss religion?

13 out of 16

Why in article 3 do they demand Reginald Pole back, what is important about this?

first or second on the kings council, to rebuild the yorkist faction and he’s a catholic, shows they dont want to overthrow ed or somerset

Who are Crispin and Moreman whom they want back to preach?

Crispin was the old Chaplain of the Courtenays, Moreman was an old vocal member of the aragonese faction?

Which articles rally against the gentry?

13 wants to limit their servants and 14 wants them to give back the land they got following the dissolution

WHich articles are religious?

1-12, 14, want sacraments, latin back, praying for the dead and six articles

What is notable about article 1?

starts ‘we will have’ wish is rude and demanding (asking for protestants to be heretics again) Cranmer says he would have given the cornish the BCP in cornish but didnt due to their rudeness (gave the welsh their BCP in welsh)

What was 1549 known as?

the year of the many headed monster

What is the issue relating to sheep tax?

Devon was very sheep focused (dartmoor) so very worried about the tax, rumours spread that it would also involve pigs and geese

What did the first set of articles focus on?

economic issues (know this due to letters Somerset responded to it with)

What did the second set of articles focus on?

more religion, drawn up during seige of exeter

What is the ratio of people to sheep in devon?

1 person to five sheep

What was somerset planning to do to see how many sheep were in devon?

a census

What banner did the rebels use?

the five wounds of christ

What did the protestors shout as they marched to Bodmin?

kill the gentleman

What did the rebels do to the gentrya t St Michhaels Mt?

attacked them

What did the rebels do to Trematon Castle?

locked up the gentry

What are contemporary claims about the cause of the rebellion?

social issues were one of the key sources

What did Mr R.L say (a member of the devonshire gentry)?

said the main cuase was inflation in letter to Somerset

Who were the minor leaders of the rebellion who were associated with the courteneys?

Underhill and Seger (worked for them) and Denys and Smyth (smyth married into it)