(CIE A2 biology) Respiration - ATP + coenzymes

ATP

ATP

a ribonucleotide made up of adenosine (adenine + a ribose sugar) and a triphosphate group that serves as cellular energy currency due to its water-solubility and high turnover rates

ATP → ADP + Pi

a reversible reaction that immediately donates glucose oxidation-supplied energy to link between energy-requiring and energy-yielding reactions

photophosphorylation

a condensation reaction that occurs in the chlorophyll during photosynthesis to reverse the ATP → ADP + Pi reaction

oxidative phosphorylation

a condensation reaction that uses a chemiosmotic gradient of H+ protons to generate 34 ATP molecules in the mitochondria during the electron transport chain (also reverses the ATP → ADP + Pi reaction)

substrate-level phosphorylation

a condensation reaction that occurs via direct phosphate group addition to an ADP molecule to generate 4 ATP molecules in the cytoplasm/mitochondrial matrix during glycolysis (also reverses the ATP → ADP + Pi reaction)

coenzymes

easily-oxidizable molecules that transfer electron pairs between molecules

NAD+

a type of coenzyme that gets reduced into NADH and H+ during glycolysis so the H+ can be transported to the ETC

FAD2+

a type of coenzyme that gets reduced into FADH2 during the Krebs cycle for H+ transport to the ETC