Intelligence Vocab Quiz

Intelligence

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. it is one's potential, not what they achieve.

General intelligence

According to Charles Spearman, this underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Factor analysis

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score.

Savant syndrome

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.

Emotional intelligence

The ability of individuals to recognize their own emotions and those of others, discern between different feelings, and manage and/or adjust emotions to adapt to environments or achieve one's goal(s)

Mental age

The average age at which children could successfully answer a particular level of questions. a measure of intelligence devised by Binet; the age at which a person is mentally performing at. It can be higher, lower, or the same as their chronological age.

Alfred Binet

Created the first known intelligence test and developed the concept of mental age.

Stanford-Binet

The widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test. Louis Terman of Stanford University created it.

Lewis Terman

Pioneer in the field of intelligence. Conducted the famous "termite" study, also created the Stanford-Binet test and the IQ formula.

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Originally defined as the mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100 Developed by Lewis Terman.

Achievement tests

Tests designed to assess what a person has learned. The AP Psychology Exam is an example

Aptitude tests

Tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn. SAT, and IQ test are examples

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.

Standardization

The process of giving the test to a large group of representative and randomly selected people to establish consistent methods administration.

Normal curve

A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.

Reliability

The extent to which a test yields consistent results. a test can be reliable but not valid. Can determine by retesting or by comparing the consistency of scores on two halves of the test (split half reliability)

Validity

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. In order for a test to be valid it has to be reliable.

Content validity

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. The AP Psychology exam will measure your knowledge of Psychology, and not Chemistry.

Predictive validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. The SATs have predictive validity.

Intellectual disability

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound.

Multiple Intelligences

Theory created by Howard Gardner that there are many types of intelligences such as musical, interpersonal, naturalist, and bodily-kinetics. Come critics say these are more abilities than intelligences

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Developed by Robert Sternberg describes three distinct types of intelligence that a person can possess. These three types are practical intelligence, creative intelligence, and analytical intelligence.

WAIS

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an IQ test designed by David Wechsler to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents

WISC

The Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children is an IQ test administered to children between ages 6 and 16 by school districts and psychologists.

Cultural bias

Tendency for IQ tests to reflect the language, culture, history, and customs of the people who designed the test.

Heritability

Proportion of change that is due to genetic factors. For intelligence, it is about 50%. Estimates of heritability apply to groups, not individuals.

Stereotype Threat

A situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group

Brain Glucose Consumption

The link between Glucose consumption and intelligence is that the more intelligent a person is, the less active their brain is. Thus, they consume less glucose, so their brain is more efficient.

Perceptual Speed

The ability to examine and compare numbers, letters, and objects quickly.

Neurological Speed

The speed at which neurons react, process and acquire new information.

Flynn Effect

Idea that over the course of history, intelligence has increased due to factors such as better diet and health and technological advancements.