Cell Division and Reproductive Processes

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 12 and 13 on cell division and reproductive processes, including mitosis and meiosis.

Cell Theory

A scientific theory stating that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Reasons for Cell Division

Cells divide for growth, repair, and reproduction.

Binary Fission

The process by which a bacterium divides to form two identical cells.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that occurs in somatic cells.

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Phases

The phases include G1, S, G2, and M.

Stages of Mitosis

The stages include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Interphase

The phase where the cell prepares for division, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.

Cytokinesis

The process that follows mitosis, where the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells.

Meiosis Organs

Meiosis occurs in the gonads (ovaries and testes).

Products of Meiosis

Four genetically unique haploid cells are produced.

Fertilization

The process that combines genetic material from two parents to form a zygote.

Inherited Chromosomes

From each parent, we inherit one of the homologous chromosomes.

Separation of Chromosomes in Meiosis

During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes are separated from one another.

Human Sexual Life Cycle

The sequence of stages in which humans reproduce through the alternation of diploid and haploid stages.

Steps of Meiosis

Main steps include meiosis I and meiosis II, involving stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

DNA Replication in Meiosis

DNA is replicated during the S phase before meiosis begins.

Separation of Homologous Chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are separated during meiosis I.

Separation of Sister Chromatids

Sister chromatids are separated during meiosis II.

Difference between Meiosis I and Mitosis

In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and separate, whereas in mitosis, sister chromatids separate.

Identifying Phases of Meiosis

Recognizing specific phases of meiosis based on characteristics and descriptions.

Illustration Identification

Identifying illustrations as particular phases of meiosis or mitosis.