Mitochondrial transport

mitochondria have a ( ) system, this separates this organelle into ( ) areas

double-membrane

4

( )-greatly increase inner membrane surface area

cristae

what are the four parts of the mitochondria?

1)outer membrane

2)intermembrane space

3)inner membrane

4)matrix

mitochondria are referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell” because they ( ) to be used by the cell through the process of respiration, in which ( ) such as sugars and fats ( ) and the released energy (existing initially in the form of ( )) is converted to chemical energy- primarily as ( )

create chemical energy 

carbon compounds 

are oxidized (broken down)

reduced electron carriers such as NADH and FADH2

ATP 

lots of other important metabolic reactions occur in mitochondrial

true

Mitochondria have their own small, ( ), which encodes about 30-50 ( ) and ( )

circular

proteins

RNAs

mitochondria are about the size of ( )

bacteria

( ) are sorted to different compartments after or during translation

proteins

each mitochondrion has its own genome,

but it only contains ( )

the rest of the numerous proteins of mitochondria must come from nuclear genes- translated in cytosol and imported (transported into)

interesting field in biology is the important aspect of this requiring the coordinated expression of ( ) and ( ) genes

a few genes

nuclear

mitochondrial

mitochondrial signal sequences form ( ) 

-( ) amino acids

-( ) amino acids

-they usually occur ( )

signal sequences are necessary and sufficient for targeting

amphiphilic a-helices

polar

hydrophobic 

at the N-terminus of mitochondrial proteins 

look at slide 12

okay

mitochondria use transmembrane transporters to ( ) from cytosol, direct them to ( ) in the mitochondria

import proteins

four compartments

look at slide 14

okay

mitochondria use ( ) to import proteins

transmembrane transporters

what transmembrane transporters does the mitochondria use?

Translocase of Outer Memb. (TOM)

Inner Mem. (TIM) complexes- these work together

Proteins are transported into mitochondria in ( ) state- but interact with ( ) in cytoplasm to protect from aggregation 

unfolded state

chaperone 

Signal sequences can be at ( ) or ( ), transport across OM and IM is sometimes ( )

N-terminus (which are removed)

internal (not removed)

simultaneous