Unit 3 Benign Adnexal Cysts

What is the most common cause of ovarian enlargement?

Functional Ovarian Cysts

What are the different types of functional ovarian cysts?

• Follicular cysts

• Corpus Luteum cysts

• Theca Lutein cysts

• Hemorrhagic cysts

When do functional ovarian cysts regress?

• Regress during cycle

  • Follow up ultrasound exams

What is this image showing?

Functional Ovarian Cysts

What is a follicular ovarian cyst?

• A mature follicle fails to ovulate or involute

Are follicular ovarian cysts typically bilateral or unilateral?

Unilateral

What is the size of follicular ovarian cysts?

2.5 cm and greater

What are the symptoms of follicular ovarian cysts?

• Typically asymptomatic

• Spontaneously regress

What is a corpus luteum cyst?

Failure of absorption or excessive bleeding into corpus luteum

Corpus luteum cysts are prone to __________ - rupture

Hemorrhage

Corpus luteum cysts are painful and may do what?

May torse

What is the US appearance of a Corpus Luteum Cyst

• Simple to complex with blood clot/ septations

• DD: ectopic PG, endometriosis

What is the blood flow of a corpus luteum?

• May have low resistant signal

• Rescan patient in six weeks if uncertain

What is this image showing

Corpus luteal flow

What does a corpus luteum cyst do if there is pregnancy?

• Corpus luteum should be seen through 1st trimester

• Maximum size at 7-10 weeks

• Should then regress spontaneously

What is this image showing?

Corpus Luteum Cyst

What is a hemorrhagic cyst?

• A cyst within follicular or Corpus Luteal Cyst

  • Possible pain

What is the sonographic appearance of a Hemorrhagic Cyst?

Dependent on:

• Amount of bleeding

• Age of hemorrhage

What are these images showing?

Hemorrhagic Cysts

What is the largest functional cyst?

Theca- Lutein Cysts

Theca- Lutein Cysts are _________ and _________

Multilocular and Bilateral

What are theca-lutein cysts?

• Overstimulation of HCG

  • Trophoblastic disease (molar PG)

  • Infertility treatment

  • Multiple gestation pregnancy

What may people experience with Theca- Lutein Cysts?

Nauses and Vomiting

What are these images showing?

Theca- Lutein Cysts