Lower Limbs

What are the 5 regions of the lower limbs?

Gluteal region

Femoral region

Knee region

Leg region

Foot region

What is the pelvic girdle made of?

L and R coxae (which includes ileum, ischeum and pubis)

Sacrum

Coccyx

Acetabulum

Obturator foramen

Gluteal surface

Iliac fossa

What bone?

Femur

Head

Fovea

Neck

Name of hip joint?

Acetabulofemoral joint

Transverse acetabular ligament

What movements at hip joint?

Extension

Flexion

Abduction

Adduction

Lateral and medial rotation

Circumduction

Gluteus maximus (extensor)

Tensor fasciae latae (medial rotation and abduction)

Gluteus medius (and gluteus minimus deep) medial rotation and abduction

Piriformis muscle (lateral)

Gemellus superior and gemellus inferior

quadratus femoris (lateral rotation)

Obturator internus (lateral rotation)

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Gluteal tuberosity

Intercondylar fossa

Medial condyle

Lateral condyle

What are the two bones of the leg region?

Fibula and Tibia

Is fibula or tibia more lateral?

Fibula

Out of fibula and tibia, which one doesn’t touch femur?

Fibula

Fibula

Tibia

Interosseus membrane

Tibial tuberosity

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Distal tibiofibular joint

Medial malleolus

Lateral malleolus

Patellar surface

Patellar ligament

Patella

Distal end of femur

What are the 3 articulations of the knee joint?

Patella - Femur

Medial and lateral condyles attach onto medial and lateral condyles of each other’s bones

Medial condyle

Medial epicondyle

Lateral condyle

Patella

Fibula

Tibia

Intercondylar fossa

Posterior cruciate ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament

Median and lateral meniscus

Tibial collateral ligament

Fibular collateral ligament

Range of knee movements

Extension

Flexion

Lateral and medial rotation

3 compartments of thigh?

Anterior

Posterior

Medial

What compartment is green?

Anterior (femoral nerve)

What compartment is blue?

Medial (obturator nerve)

What compartment is purple?

Posterior (sciatic nerve)

Anterior thigh muscles?

Iliacus + Psoas major = Ileop soas muscle

Sartorius

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis)

Ileopsoas muscle

Sartorius muscle

Rectus femoris

Vastus intermediatus

Vastus medialis

Vastus lateralis

Muscles of medial thigh compartment?

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis muscle

Obturator externus

Adductor brevis

Adductor longis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

What muscles are in the posterior thigh compartment?

Bicep femoris (long + short head)

Semitendinous and semimembranosus

Bicep femoris long head

Bicep femoris short head

Semitendinosus muscle

Semimembranosus

What movements does anterior compartment of thigh do?

Flexor of hip

Extensor of knee

What nerve anterior compartment of thigh?

Most are femoral nerve

What movements does medial compartment of thigh do?

Adductor

What nerve does medial compartment of thigh do?

Obturator nerve

What movements does posterior compartment of thigh do?

Flexion at knee joint and extension at hip joint

What nerve does posterior compartment of thigh do?

Sciatic nerve

What are the three components of the foot?

(From posterior to anterior)

Tarsal, metatarsal and phalanges

Talus

Calcaneus

What 3 bones make up the ankle joint?

Fibula, Tibia and Talus

Posterior tibiotalar part

Anterior tibiotalar part

Tibionavicular part

Tibiocalcaneal part

Anterior talofibular ligament

Posterior talofibular ligament

Calcaneofibular ligament

Posterior talofibular ligament

Range of movement at ankle joint?

Dorsiflexion (tilting up) and Plantarflexion (tilting down)

Inversion (toes tilt medially) and Eversion (toes tilt laterally)

How many compartments of muscles in leg?

Anterior, posterior and medial

What does anterior leg compartment do?

Extension and dorsiflexion

What nerve innervates anterior compartment?

Deep fibular nerve