Dz of Upper GI tract

What is Coli?

Progressive abdominal distension- seen at 2-3 days of age - death in 1w if not tx

What are signs of stomatitis?

Blood

Salivation

Halitosis

Quidding

How is Stomatitis tx in cattle?

Symptomatic relief w/ abx/ anti-inflamatories

What is Contagious ecthyma?

Parapoxvirus in sheep and goats -> ZOONOTIC

What are clinical signs of Contagious ecthyma in young animals?

Crusting proliferative regions of mucocutaneous regions of mouth and nose

What are clinical signs of Contagious ecthyma in older animals/ immunocompromized?

Lesions on:

Coronary band,

Conjunctiva of eye

Udder/teat

Interdigitary

Tongue

How is blue tongue different from Contagious ecthyma?

Blue tongue is ulcerative, NOT proliferative

How is Contagious ecthyma DX?

Confirmed via:

Electron microscope

PCR

IMHC

What is the prognosis of Contagious ecthyma?

Good - self-limiting tx secondary infection

What is bovine papular stomatitis?

Parapox virus in cows -> ZOONOTIC

When do we typically see bovine papular stomatitis?

Calves 1-12m

What are clinical signs of bovine papular stomatitis?

Expanding papular rings on muzzle nostrils and buccal mucosa

Transiet anorexia, salivation and fever

What are important Ddx if you suspect bovine papular stomatitis?

FMD

VSD

BVD

What is TX for bovine papular stomatitis?

Self limiting - recover in 4-7 days

- improve hygiene

What is Actinobacillus lignieresii?

Wooden tongue - ruminants of all ages

What are the 4 forms of Actinobacillus lignieresii?

Wooden tongue

Intestinal (esophageal lesions to reticulum)

Cutaneous

Caudal mediastinal LN

What kind of bacteria is Actinobacillus lignieresii?

Gram - bacteria (commensal)

What are signs of wooden tongue?

Salivation

Dysphagia

Tongue protruding lymphadenopathy

Pus - no odor (yellow lesions)

What are signs of intestinal Actinobacillus lignieresii?

Chronic abnormal rumination

Gurgling/ retching

Wt loss - norm appetiete

What are signs of cutaneous Actinobacillus lignieresii?

Lymphadenopathy

Ulcers/ nodules on mouth, head and chest wall

What are signs of Caudal mediastinal Actinobacillus lignieresii?

Chronic mild bloat -> esophageal obstruction

-diff to pass stomach tube

How is Actinobacillus lignieresii DX?

Culture - definitive

Cytology - sulfur granuales, club like colonies/ rossettes

What is the DOC for Actinobacillus lignieresii?

Sodium iodide

What can be used for Actinobacillus lignieresii if the infection is very sever or refracory?

ABX

(Ceftiofur, pen, florfenicol, sulfa, tetracycline)

What is Actinomyces bovis?

lumpy jaw - Pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis

What kind of bacteria is Actinomyces bovis?

Gram + bacteria

What are clinical signs of Actinomyces bovis?

Firm bony painless swelling of jaw (at cheek teeth)

Fistulous tracts

Dysphagia

NO LN involvment

Why do we take rads in Actinomyces bovis cases?

To assess dental involvment/ pathological fracture s

How is Actinomyces bovis Dx?

Gram staining - filamentous - railroad appearance

(CANT CULTURE)

What is the goal of tx and how do we tx lumpy jaw?

Remission then slaughter

Sodium iodide (high dose abx if it doesnt work)

What causes calf diphtheria?

Fusobacterium necrophorum + trauma/immunocompromised

What environments are most common perpetuate Calf diphtheria?

Dirty/ crowded conditions

Feedlots

What age Calves are usually affected by Fusobacterium necrophorum?

1-4 m old

What are signs of oral Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Swollen cheeks

Necrotic halitosis

Anorexia

Salivation

What are signs of laryngeal Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Anorexia

Inspiratory stridor

Dypsnea

Nasla discharge

Which form of Fusobacterium necrophorum is more dangerous?

Laryngeal - death in 2-7 days

What is used to confirm dx of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Laryngoscopy/ Endoscopy

What are tx of oral Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Systemic abx (pen, sulphonaides, oxytetracycline)

What are tx of Laryngeal Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Long term high dose abx

Steroids/ NSAIDS -> ONLY SHORT TERM

Tracheostomy if needed

What is Malignant Catarrhal fever?

Herpesvirus common in wildebeests and sheep, but causes worse clinical signs if it infects a bison or cattle

What are the clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever in cattle?

High fever

oral, nasal erosions

eye ulcers

Coronary band swelling

Hematuria-> hemorrhagic cysts

Neuro signs

What are dx for malignant catarrhal fever?

Serological tests

PCR

What is the prognosis of malignant catarrhal fever?

Grave

What can cause esophageal stenosis?

Congenital

Mediasinal LN enlargment

Neoplasia

Cicatrix

What is Choke?

Obstruction in the esophagus - usually from unchewed food common in camelids

What are signs of Choke?

Salivation and repeated attempts to swallow

Progressive bloat

What is tx for choke?

-Troncharize in L paralumbar fossa if bloat

- Massoge obstructuon up to phayrinx

- orogastric tube to push into lumen

What must always be given post releaving a Choke episode?

ABX

Anti-inflammatories

+/- Fluids, electrolytes, acid base corrections

What causes upper alimentary squamous neoplasia?

Braken tox inducing bovine papilloma virus

What are signs of upper alimentary squamous neoplasia?

Wasting,

Coughing

Salivation

Choke

Bloat

What can cause a Megaesophagus in ruminants?

Diaphragmatic hernia

What is dx of megaesophagus in ruminants?

Contrast rads

How is megaesophagus tx in ruminants?

Supportive care