Physiology Blood Test

plasma

a pale yellow fluid about 91% water

hemophilia

a genetic disorder in which clotting is abnormal or absent

globulins

38% of the plasma proteins; include the antibodies

serum

fluid squeezed out of a clot

erythropoietin

produced by kidneys when there is decreased blood oxygen

hemoglobin

give red blood cells their color and help transport through body

amino acids

result of the breakdown of globin chains

leukemia

red bone marrow cancer

vitamins

promote enzyme activity

stem cells

capable of differentiating into other cell types

embolus

plug, composed of a detached clot, occluding a blood vessel

albumin

makes up 58% of plasma proteins; important in the regulation of water

platelet

form platelet plugs

red bone marrow

where erythrocyte production occurs that is stimulated by increased erythropoietin

leukocytosis

abnormally high white blood cell count

leukopenia

a lower than normal white blood cell count

bile

the most conjugated bilirubin becomes a part of

Erythrocyte

aka red blood cells

fibrinogen

4% of blood proteins; functions in clotting

iron

released from the heme of hemoglobin

jaundice

build up of bilirubin in the body; causes yellowing of skin

bilirubin

transported freely to the liver

alpha chains

141 amino acids long; one of the types of chains that forms a hemoglobin molecule

beta chains

146 amino acids long; one of the types of chains that forms a hemoglobin molecule

deoxyhemoglobin

hemoglobin containing no oxygen; dark red color

oxyhemoglobin

oxygenated hemoglobin; has a bright red color

cyanosis

blue baby syndrome; caused by low oxygen levels in the blood

neutrophils

WBC’s with pale pink cytoplasm and chunks of blue nucleus

eosinophils

WBC’s with blue nucleus & LARGE red granules; burgundy background

basophils

WBC’s with bilobed blue nucleus and abundant blue granules

lymphocytes

WBC’s with blue, round nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm; 20-30% of WBC’s

monocytes

WBC’s that are 2-4x larger that RBC’s, blue nucleus with pale blue background

reticulocyte

stage of RBC with NO nucleus; will turn into a mature RBC

polychromatic erythroblast

stage of RBC that has yellow to to pinkish area within the cytoplasm

basophilic erythroblast

stage of RBC with yellow pigment just before the polychromatic erythroblast