BEH 5070 Unit 2: Brain Injury and ABA

Flashcards covering key concepts related to Brain Injury and ABA.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

An acquired brain injury caused by an external force such as falls, gunshot wounds, or sports-related accidents.

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

An insult to the brain caused by factors such as TBI, infection, anoxia/hypoxia, or cerebral vascular accidents.

Incidence

Rate of newly diagnosed cases of a particular condition within a specified time period.

Prevalence

Actual number of cases alive with a disease at a particular time or during a period.

Kennard Doctrine

A principle stating that damage to the developing brain may be less harmful than to the mature brain, allowing for greater recovery potential.

Coup injury

A contusion or bruising at the site of impact of a traumatic brain injury.

Contracoup injury

A contusion or bruising that occurs directly opposite the site of impact in a traumatic brain injury.

Behavioral Sequelae

Changes in behavior that follow a brain injury, which can include agitation, aggression, and emotional disturbances.

Anoxia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues, critical for brain function.

Disinhibition

Loss or reduction of inhibition which may result in impulsive or socially inappropriate behavior following brain injury.

Functional Disability

Impairment that affects an individual's ability to perform daily activities or engage socially.

Rehabilitation

Process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment aimed at enabling recovery from a condition.

Social Skills

The skills used to communicate and interact with others in a socially acceptable manner.

Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

A type of dementia that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, impacting personality and behavior.

Plasticity

The brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself, especially following injury.

Chronic Disease

A long-term health condition that may not have a cure, which can cause ongoing symptoms and require management.

Cognitive impairment

A decline in cognitive function which can affect memory, attention, and decision-making abilities.

Neurorehabilitation

Therapeutic interventions that focus on helping individuals recover functions affected by neurological conditions.

Sparing

A phenomenon in the context of brain recovery where certain functions may be preserved despite injury.

Early Stage of Brain Injury

Agitation, regression, impaired information processing, disorganized behavior, benzos may aggravate symptoms

Middle Stage of Brain Injury

Intolerance to stimulation, and denial of deficitsmay occur; individuals may also experience confusion and memory issues.

Final Stage of Brain Injury

Increasing awareness, acceptance, depression, anxiety, anger, risk-taking

Long Term Effects of Brain Injury

Attention deficits, overactivity, aggression, tantrums, impulsivity, socially disinhibitedand impaired social skills.

Primary Injury

Diffuse axonal shearing due to stretching and compressions, contusion, abrasions

Secondary Injury

Swelling, hematoma, increased intercranial pressure, hypovolemic shock, anoxia, seizure, and hydrocephalus

Frontal Lobe Injury

changes in personality/social skills, disturbances in cognition and memory

Occipital Lobe Injury

Changes to vision/blindness

Temporal Lobe Injury

Abrasions due to brain smashing into the boney ridges of sphenoid bone

Frontotemporal Stroke

Increase ICP, ventricle occlusion, midline shift

Parietal Lobe Injury

Language or speech difficulties, sensory neglect, motor problems, difficulty with writing (agraphia) language (aphasia) mathematics, and perceiving objects normally (agnosia)

Hypersexuality

Rare but well-recognized condition following brain injury/ secondarily to dysfunction in the hypothalamus, the temporal and frontal lobes

Hypersexual behaviors

explicit verbalizations, nonconsensual touching, high freq masturbation or compulsive sexual acts that are often involuntary and may cause distress or impairment.

Discounting

Studies how delay of reinforcer affects value of reinforcer

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

A type of MRI technology used to visualize and measure the integrity of white matter tracts in the brain, providing insights into brain connectivity.