GA2 Cranial Meninges

What are the cranial meninges and where do they lie?

membranous coverings of brain that lie immediately internal to the cranium

What space do the cranial meninges enclose?

subarachnoid space

Functions of the cranial meninges include?

protect the brain

support framework of arteries/veins/sinuses

enclose subarachnoid space

How many layers of cranial meninges are there?

3

What are the cranial meninges from superficial to deep?

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Where is the cranial dura adherent to?

periosteum of cranium and arachanoid mater

When does the space between the “dura and the cranium” and the space between the “dura and arachnoid mater” occur?

During bleeding/hemorrage

Is the cranial dura seen in the spine

no it is not seen in spinal meninges

What is the space between the arachnoid and pia mater?

subarachnoid space

What is the subarachnoid space filled with?

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Which mater is made up of thin, highly vascularized membrane of loose connective tissue?

pia mater

Does the pia mater carry blood vessels in it?

yes

Cerebral veins on the pia mater run where?

within the subarachnoid space

Which mater forms the tela choroidea?

Pia mater

What things fuse to form the choroid plexus?

pia mater and ependyma

Which maters are also known as lepto-meninges?

arachnoid and pia

What do ependymal cells do?

line cavities and secrete CSF

Which mater is known as pachy-meninges?

dura mater

Which mater is composed of a delicate transparent membrane, composed of light tissue?

Arachnoid mater

What is the arachnoid meter and the dura meter separated by?

subdural interface (not a natural space)

What is the arachnoid meter in the pia meter separated by??

Subarachnoid space

What are the dilated portions of the subarachnoid space called?

cisterns

What do collections of arachnoid villi form?

Arachnoid granulations

What are the major sites of fluid transfer in the brain?

villi and granulations

Which mater is the most outer and toughest?

Dura Mater

What are the layers of the dura meter?

periosteal (not found in spine)

meningeal layer

What are the dural septa?

Four inwardly projecting septa or folds formed by the dura meter

What are the names of the dural septa?

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

When referring to the dural septa, what does falx refer to?

sickle-shaped

Which dural septa is described by “large sickle-shaped vertical partition in longitudinal fissure b/t two cerebral hemispheres?

falx cerebri

Which dural septa is described by “wide, crescenteric arched fold that seperates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum”?

tentorium cerebelli

Which dural septa is described by “a small sickle-shaped, median dural fold in posterior cranial fossa b/t two cerebellar hemisphere”?

falx cerebelli

Which dural septa is described by “a small circular horizontal sheet forming a roof over sella turcica”?

diaphragma sellae

Falx cerebri anterior attachment and posterior attachment?

Anterior: frontal crest of frontal bone AND crista galli of ethmoid

Posterior: internal occipital protuberance

Tentorium cerebelli anterior, lateral, and posterolateral attachment?

Anterior: clinoid process of sphenoid

Posterolateral: internal surface of occipital bone and part of parietal bone

lateral: petrous part of temporal bone

Falx Cerebelli lies inferior to what?

tentorium cerebelli

Falx Cerebelli attached to what?

internal occipital crest

What is the second largest dural infolding?

tentorium cerebelli

What is the smallest dural infolding?

diaphragm sellae

What does the diaphragm sellae cover?

covers the pituitary gland

What does the straight sinus connect?

superior and inferior saggital sinus

Confluence of sinus connects what sinuses?

superior saggital sinus

straight sinus

transverse sinus

occipital sinus

Occipital sinus connects to what?

internal vertebral venous plexus

confluence of sinus

Which sinus drains directly into the internal jugular vein?

inferior petrosal sinus

What sinus is located on each side of sella turcica and body of sphenoid bone?

cavernous sinus

What structures pass through cavernous sinus?

ICA and abducens n.

What structures pass through lateral walls of cavernous sinus?

CN III

CN IV

V1 and V2

Which mater is sensitive to pain?

dura mater

Why do headaches occur?

stretching of dura mater

Tentorium cerebelli and posterior part of falx cerebri are supplied by what nerve?

tentorial branch of V1

Anterior part of falx cerebri are supplied by what nerve?

anterior meningeal branch of V1

Arteries and veins of dura mater is not included along with a lot of the sinus

look it up in notes

Extradural hematoma has what features?

arterial; fast to develop

Subdural hematoma has what features?

venous; slow to develop

____ points to ____?

nuchal rigidity; meningitis