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Centrifugal Forces

forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state

Centripetal Forces

an attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state

Lingua Franca

a language that combines simple words from multiple languages so that people who need to understand one another

Standard Language

The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.

Threatened Language

A language that is not being passed on to generations, dying

Caste

System in India that gives every Indian a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth

Ethnic Religion

A religion that relates closely to culture, heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place.

Ghetto

An area of a city in which people of an ethnic minority are confined by official government policy

Syncretic

a mix of cultural traits from a variety of sources

Universalizing Religion

Religions that offer belief systems that are attractive to the global population

Blockbusting

Process where white property owners are covinced to sell their houses at low prices out of fear that POC's are moving in

Redlining

Discriminatory practice in which financial institutions and other organizations deny or limit financial services

Apartheid

a social policy enforced by the South African government for much of the twentieth century

Ethnoburb

Suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population.

Ethnophobia

Fear of people of a particular ethnicity.

Gerrymandering

Any party that endeavors to make a district more favorable to voting for it based on the physical boundary

Multinational State

A country with multiple culture groups or multiple ethnic groups under a single government.

Perforated State

A state that completely surrounds another state

Prorupted State

Occurs when a compact state has a portion of its boundary extending outward more than the other portions of the boundary

Devolution

Breakup of a large state into several independent ones

Agricultural Revolution

The slow change from hunter and gather societies to more agriculturally based ones

Green Revolution

The development of higher-yield and fast-growing crops through increased technology, pesticides, and fertilizer

Second Agricultural Revolution

Used the increased technology from the Industrial Revolution to increase farm productivity through mechanization.

Desertification

The process by which previously fertile lands become arid and unusable for farming.

Transhumance

The seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pasture

Developed Country

Country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development

Developing Country

A country in an earlier stage of development.

Human Development Index

Measures the status of life in any given place based off of life expectancy, education levels, and income per capita

Purchasing Power Parity

How many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the same amount of goods and services in another country

World Systems Theory

Divides countries into three groups based on political power, social standing, and economic and technologic development.

Break of Bulk Point

Separation into various shipments ready to be transported to a wide range of markets.

Bulk Gaining Industry

An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.

Bulk Reducing Industry

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.

Central Place Theory

In any given region there can only be one large central city, which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities

Fordist Production

A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to preform repeatedly

Maquiladora

Export-processing cities that exist in northern Mexico, close to the border with the United States

Gravity Model

Interaction can be determined by the product of the population, divided by the square of their distance from one another

Rank Size Rule

If a city's population ranks 5th, their population will be 1/nth the size of the largest city

Food Desert

An area with limited access to healthy and affordable food

Hinterland

The outlying towns and small communities that rely on the central city for goods and services

New Urbanism

Seeks to encourage local community development and sustainable growth in an urban area

Multiple Nuclei Model

A city that has several nodes that act as regional centers for economic or residential activity

Sector Model

A model of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, radiating from the CBD

Galactic Model

A city with growth independent of the CBD that is connected to the central city by means of a highway or interstate

Gentrification

Process where wealthy individuals begin to move into poor, working

Sudanese Conflict

An armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan

Yugoslavian Conflict

Conflict in Croatia when the large minority population of ethnic Serbs, who wanted Croatia to remain united with Serbia.

Myanmar Conflict

Fighting between central government dominated by the Bamar majority and the ethnic armed organizations in seven states

Rwandan Conflict

Nearly 1 million ethnic Tutsi and moderate Hutu were killed as the international community and UN peacekeepers stood by.

Israeli Palestinian Conflict

The conflict over who will control Jerusalem