AP Psychology: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Deinstitutionalization

process of moving individuals with mental illnesses or disabilities out of long-term institutional settings, such as psychiatric hospitals, and into community-based care. It aims to provide more humane and individualized treatment options

Biomedical therapy

treatments for mental disorders that involve the use of medications and other medical interventions, focus on addressing the biological aspects of mental health conditions

Psychotherapy

treating mental health problems by talking with a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health provider

Eclectic approach

refers to integrating several therapeutic strategies and techniques based on what will be most beneficial for the client

Psychoanalysis

therapeutic approach developed by Sigmund Freud that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind

Free association

a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Resistance

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Interpretation

therapist offers insights to help client understand unconscious influences

Transference

clients project past feelings onto the therapist revealing emotional patterns

Psychodynamic therapy

form of depth psychology that focuses on the unconscious mind and past experiences to understand current behaviors

Insight therapy

form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping the patient connect past behaviors with present behaviors

Humanistic therapy

psychological treatment that focuses on individuals unique experience and emphasize personal growth, self-actualization, and inherent worth of each person

Person-centered therapy

a type of therapy developed by Carl Rogers that focuses on creating a supportive and non-judgmental environmental for clients, where the therapist provides empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness

Active listening

a communication technique used in counseling where the listener fully concentrates, understand, responds, and then remembers what is being said

Unconditional positive regard

concept developed by Carl Rogers that involves accepting and respecting others without judgement or evaluation basically showing complete support for someone no matter what they say or do

Behavioral therapy

a psychological perspective that focuses on observable behaviors as the primary determinant of human actions and reactions

Systematic Desensitization

type of behavioral therapy used to help effectively overcome phobias and other anxiety disorders

Aversive conditioning

type of behavior modification that uses negative stimuli to discourage unwanted behaviors

Counterconditioning

behavioral technique used in therapy which involves replacing an unwanted response to a stimulus with a desired response

Token economy

a system of behavior modification based on the systematic positive reinforcement of target behavior

Cognitive therapy

a type psychotherapy that helps individuals identify and change through patterns that lead to harmful behaviors or feelings

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

an active-directive form of psychotherapy aimed at resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbance, it helps individuals to understand that the power of their emotions comes largely from their own beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations

Beck's cognitive therapy

designed to identify and change inappropriate negative and self-critical patterns of thought; primarily used to treat depression and anxiety; therapy is not as challenging and confrontational as REBT; aims to lead person to more realistic and flexible ways of thinking

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

a type of psychotherapy that focuses on teaching individual skills to manage their emotions, improve interpersonal relationships, and develop coping mechanisms

Meta-analysis

a statistical technique used to combine and analyze the results from multiple independent studies on the same topic

EMDR therapy

the therapist attempts to unlock and reprocess previous frozen traumatic memories by waving a finger in front of the eyes of the client.

Light exposure therapy

a treated for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) where patients are exposed to bright, artificial light, this mimics natural daylight and is believed to influence brain chemicals that affect mood

Therapeutic alliance

relationship between a healthcare professional and their client

ECT and depression

ECT treats severe depression by using electrical currents to stimulate the brain, improving neurotransmitter function and neural plasticity

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

a surgical procedure in which electrodes are implanted into specific areas of the brain. these electrodes deliver electrical impulse to regulate abnormal brain activity and alleviate symptoms of certain neurological and psychiatric conditions

Hypnosis

a state of consciousness characterized by focused attention, increased suggestibility, and heightened mental relaxation

Hypnosis (social influence theory)

suggests that hypnosis is a form of role-playing, where individuals respond to suggestions based on social cues and expectations from the hypnosis

Hypnosis (dissociation theory)

proposes that hypnosis splits consciousness, allowing one part of the mind to follow the hypnotists suggestions while another part remains aware of the surroundings

Hypnosis (posttraumatic growth)

refers to positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity and other challenges in order to rise to a higher level of functioning

Antipsychotic drugs

types: olanzapine, haloperidol, and risperidone

treats: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression

Antianxiety drugs

types: diazepam, lorazepam, and buspirone

treats: anxiety disorders, and acute anxiety symptoms

Antidepressants

types: fluoxetine, sertraline, amitriptyline

treats: depression, anxiety disorders, and certain chronic pain conditions

Mood-stabilizers

types: lithium, valproate, lamotrigine

treats: used primarily in the treatment of bipolar disorder to stabilize mood swings