henry vii key terms

system of primogeniture

the eldest son takes precedence to the throne a younger son, and any daughter

usurper

somebody who takes the throne through violence

retaining

where nobles kept lots of personal staff that became used as gangs of enforcers

attainder

having land or titles removed as a consequence

exchequer

deals with royal finances

privy seal

responsible for the monarch’s personal seal which was used to authenticate laws

justices of the peace

volunteers who maintained local law and order

the council learned in law

maintained the king’s revenue, exploit his prerogative rights and enforce debts

household proper

the people who looked after henry and his guests with entertainment etc.

loans and benevolences

the king had a right to ask for these as financial help in emergencies

bonds and recognisances

payments made by nobility which would guarantee good behaviour

clerical taxes

taxes the church would pay the king in forms of gifts

parliamentary taxes

tax grants to finance royal policies like military action

feudal dues

traditional rights held by the crown that allow them to demand money as the king is the sole owner of all land

customs duties

paid on goods entering or leaving the country, tunnage in exports and poundage on imports

legal dues

money from fines and from appearing before court

crown lands

h7 inherited all lands owned as reclaimed in 1486 act of resumption

enclosures

where the land is converted into small individually owned farms

engrossing

the joining of several enclosures to make one more profitable unit, led to eviction

hanseatic league

commercial and defensive group of merchant guilds and market towns across central and northern europe.

heresy

belief, action or opinion contrary to religious doctrine

renaissance

rebirth of european art and literature between 14th and 16th centuries, focused on enlightenment, philosophy and scientific theory

theology

the study of religion

yeomen

class between gentry and the labourers, usually landowners but could be a retainer

marquesses

high ranking nobleman, inherited

papal bull

official letter from the pope

praemunire

law stopping papal jurisdiction over the monarch’s