Cell Biology 1

Bio

a study of all living things

Scientific Method

Observation, Hypothesis, Supported hypothesis, Theory, and Principle

Bacteriophage

A virus that kills E.coli

Organisms are composed of

Highly Organized Cells

Cell

Smallest unit of life

Organic Molecule

Carbon- Containing building blocks of life

In plant cells, the plasma membrane is replaced by

Cell Wall

HIV only affects which blood cells

White blood cells

Massive switch of the immune system

white blood cells 1

Organelles

Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Golgi complex, and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell produces ATP

Ribosomes

Read genetic information encoded in messenger RNA and use it to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, which form proteins.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound structures that fight off viruses and infection

Nuclease

Contains DNA (Genetic material)

Red Blood Cells

Do not have a nuclease and deliver oxygen to your tissues

Cytoplasm

Maintains cell shape (PH=7.2)

Genetic Material

Gene Expression, Duplication, Perpetualism

Perpetualism

The belief that everything is an external process and that intelligent life is apart of the conscious \

ATP

Energy Adenosine Tyi phosphate

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane

Smooth ER

Synthesis of Lipid and has no ribosomes

Rough ER

Produces protein and has ribosomes

Microtubules

Helps the cells multiply

Nucleolus

Produces the enzymes for making protein and duplication

Chromatin

DNA molecule is held inside the nuclease, and the cell is tightly held within the chromatin

what holds together chromatin?

Protein

Nuclear Pore

The opening between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell

Subatomic particles

Contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. (All living organisms are made up of this)

Atom

The smallest particle contains hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

makes up an atom

Subatomic Particle

All proteins in the cell contain?

Nitrogen’s

what does nitrogen contain?

Amino Acids

What is present in living cell?

Hydrogen and Carbon

What is ATP synthesized by

Oxygen

2 or more atoms inside the cell

Molecule

Ribosomes

Composed of RNA and proteins, it reads genetic information encoded in messenger RNA and uses it to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, which form proteins.

Polypeptide Chain

A linear sequence of amino acids

Prokaryotic Cell

Unicellular bacteria that have no membrane

Bacteria Cells

No nuclease, ER, Golgi complex, or mitochondria. Have ribosomes, but the ribosomes do not have a membrane

Glucose

A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to the cell

Starch

Made up of several glucose molecules.

The sugar found in animals

Glycogen

What is Genetic Material?

Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid

Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Sugar

Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen

Base

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Eukaryotic cells

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that include the mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Nucleus.

Chloroplast

Conducts photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

The process by which the plant absorbs the sunlight to produce sugar

Frutos and Sucrose

Sugar found in fruit and Table sugar

Radioactive Material

Amplifies Carbon = Radioactive Phosphate

Kinetic Energy

Energy from the sun

DNA

Deoxy Ribose Nucleic Acid

4 bases

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine

phosphate

Po4

Tissue

Groups of cells that perform a specialized function

Living things respond to ?

Stimuli

Living things maintain?

Homeostasis

Homeostasis

State of internal constancy

The storage form of sugar

Glycogen

Glucagon

Present inside the pancreas, which are insulin-producing cells