World History Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for reviewing key terms and concepts from world history lecture notes.

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy utilized by the Song Dynasty and later maintained by the Manchus (Qing Dynasty).

Civil Service Exam

A system used in East Asia, particularly during the Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, to select government officials.

Champa Rice

A type of rice grown in East Asia that contributed to food supply and population growth.

Sufism

A mystical branch of Islam that gained converts in Dar al-Islam and South and Southeast Asia.

Mita Labor

A labor system used by the Inca Empire to centralize power.

Chinampas

Lake farms used by the Aztec Empire to centralize power.

Trans-Saharan Trade

A trade route that flourished in Africa, connecting Mali and the wider world.

Feudalism

A decentralized government system prevalent in Europe, with serfs working on manors.

Silk Road

A trade route connecting East and West, fostering the growth of trading cities like Kashgar and Samarkand.

Flying Cash

An economic innovation traded along the Silk Road.

Indian Ocean Trade

A maritime trade route where luxury goods and technology were exchanged, and diaspora communities emerged.

Diaspora Communities

Communities, such as the Chinese in Malacca, that emerged along the Indian Ocean trade routes.

Monsoon Winds

Crucial for navigation in the Indian Ocean Trade.

Trans-Saharan Trade Route

A trade route reconnecting Dar al-Islam to sub-Saharan Africa, trading salt and gold and spreading Islam.

Bubonic Plague

An environmental consequence of trade along trade routes.

Khanates

Mongol Empires that expedited the exchange of ideas, technologies, and diseases across trade routes.

Gunpowder Empires

Land-based empires whose rise occurred between 1450-1750.

Q Haircut

A practice implemented by the Manchus (Qing Dynasty) to consolidate power.

Banner System

A system used by the Manchu (Qing Dynasty) to centralize power.

Devshirme System

A system used by the Ottomans to recruit soldiers and bureaucrats (Janissaries).

Tax Farming

A practice utilized by the Ottomans.

Taj Mahal

Monumental architecture built by the Mughals.

Protestant Reformation

A European Christian split initiated by Martin Luther around 1500.

Sikhism

A new religion based on the teachings of Guru Nanak, blending Hindu and Islamic beliefs within the Mughal Empire.

Caravels

A technological advancement that enabled Portugal and Spain to create maritimie empires.

Fluyts

A technological advancement that enabled the Dutch to create maritime empires.

Astrolabes

A technological advancement (initially Islamic) that enabled the creation of maritimie empires.

Compass

A technological advancement (initially Chinese) that enabled the creation of maritimie empires.

Latin Sails

A technological advancement that enabled the creation of maritimie empires.

Viceroyalties

Political units in the Americas established by the Spanish.

Encomienda System

A labor system implemented by the Spanish in the Americas.

Cash Crops

Crops like sugar and coffee, extracted by the Spanish in the Americas.

Joint-Stock Companies

Government-sponsored monopolies that allowed investment and spread risk.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic between the Old and New Worlds.

Sakoku Policy

Tokugawa Japan's policy against foreigners.

Millets

A social system change utilized in the Ottoman Empire.

Nationalism

The idea that a nation (people with shared beliefs) should govern the state.

Steam Engine

Technological Innovation by James Watt that started the Industrial Revolution.

Internal Combustion Engine

Technological Innovation that utilizes fossil fuels during the Industrial Revolution.

Laissez-faire

Economic policy in the growth of Capitalism (Adam Smith).

Social Darwinism

An excuse for expansion during the time of Imperialism.

Settler Colonies

Colonies where small populations settle and attempt to replace indigenous culture.

Berlin Conference

Divided Africa during Imperialism.

Export Economies

Focus on raw materials like cotton, rubber, palm oil, and guano.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Resistance to migration.

Total War

Utilization of national resources for victory during WWI.

Propaganda

Used by the government to mobilize populations during WWI.

Great Depression

Governments (US, Soviet Union) intervene in economies during the Inter-War Period.

Atomic Bombs

Changed the game and end the war in 1945.

Cold War

Post-WWII split between two ideologies: US (capitalism, democracy) and Soviets (dictatorship, communism).

Proxy Wars

Conflicts between US and Soviet proxies (Vietnam, Afghanistan) during the Cold War.

Green Revolution

Increases crop production to feed a growing population.

Free Market Policies

Economic Policies push for Deng Xiaoping in China, Chile.

Regional Trade Networks

include NAFTA and ASEAN.