Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to the biosynthesis of fatty acids and eicosanoids, as per lecture notes.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

An enzyme with three functional regions: Biotin Carrier Protein, Biotin Carboxylase, and Transcarboxylase.

Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)

A protein that holds the fatty acid synthesis system together and contains 4-phosphopantetheine.

Condensation Reaction

A reaction in fatty acid synthesis requiring ATP hydrolysis to drive the process.

D-Beta-hydroxybutyryl-ACP

The product of the condensation reaction in fatty acid synthesis.

Palmitate

The final product after one complete pass through the fatty acid synthase complex.

Fatty Acid Chain Length after Passes

After one pass there are 4 carbons, after two passes there are 6 carbons, and after seven passes there are 16 carbons.

Essential Fatty Acids

Fatty acids like linoleate and α-linolenate that are required for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.

Triacylglycerols Precursors

The components from which triacylglycerols are synthesized: Fatty acyl CoA, L-glycerol 3-phosphate, and phosphatidic acid.

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase

The enzyme common to gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis that is controlled in the liver and adipose tissue.

Kinases

Enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from high-energy molecules like ATP to specific substrates.