Abdomen Quiz Study Guide Filled Out

Abdomen Anatomy

The membrane that lines the Abdominopelvic Cavity:

A double walled membrane including; Parietal Peritoneum (lines walls) + Visceral Peritoneum (covers organs)

Omentum:

double-fold of peritoneum( abdominopelvic membrane (parietal + visceral)) that attaches the stomach to other abdominal organs

creates the Greater and Lesser Sacs 

(yellow bits in the image)

Intraperitoneal structures

where is it?:

Mnemonic is?:

list all the structures:?

in peritoneal sac (membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity ie parietal & visceral)

Mnemonic: slips tjc ct

Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen, Stomach, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Transverse and Sigmoid Colon

Retroperitoneal structures

where is it?:

Mnemonic is?:

list all the structures:?

in peritoneal sac (membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity ie parietal & visceral)

Mnemonic: SAD PUCKER

Kidneys, Ureters, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, Duodenum, Ascending and Descending Colon, Proximal Rectum, Abdominal Aorta, Inferior Vena Cava

Positive Contrast Media

what does it mean?

what contrast

How does it work and what does it look like on an image?

radiopaque

Barium Sulfate or iodinated

absorbs radiation thus appearing white

Negative Contrast Media

what does it mean?

what contrast 

how does it work and what does it look like on an image?

radiolucent

Air / CO₂

allowing X-rays to pass through structures more quickly; black

Contra-indications for Barium Sulfate

1)contraindicated (dont use) for the following circumstances:

2)this is because:

3)so what bad things can happen if it leaks into the body because its used during those circumstances? (2)

1)Suspected GI or bowel perforation (penetration); Pre-surgery; Post-surgery

2)not soluble (dissolvable) and cannot be absorbed by the body

3)peritonitis or avascular adhesions

IVU

means?:

what contrast is it?:

purpose?;

Intravenous Urogram

water-soluble iodinated contrast

Used to visualize the area of the urinary bladder by highlighting KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder)

KUB

means?:

what is it?

kidney, ureter, bladder

organs of the urinary bladder

Motility examination

examines what?

otherwise known as what?

a study designed to observe how quickly and efficiently the small intestine moves material along

SBFT

SBFT

means?:

what is it:?

Purpose + contrast used?:

Small Bowel Follow-Through

a motility examination

fluoroscopic procedure using barium sulfate contrast to watch the process of small intestine→large

Fluoroscopy

used for what?

what contrast is used for & +or-?

-Digestive system

-Urinary & Biliary systems

-Double contrast studies

visualize all structures of Digestive system

-Barium Sulfate (positive)

-Water-Soluble Iodinated Contrast (positive)

-Air (negative)

SPOT image

when used?

equipment position?

During fluoroscopy

Tube is under the table

Overhead image

when used?

equipment position?

After fluoroscopy

Tube is overhead of patient

Bolus

food+saliva ball in mouth

chyme

partially dissolved food in stomach

Indentations (smth presses into it) of esophagus (2)

1)At Aortic Arch

2)At Left Main Bronchus

Constrictions (passage narrows) of Esophagus (2)

At thoracic inlet (where it enters thorax cavity)

At the Esophageal Hiatus (at diaphragm)

the opening in the diaphragm where the Esophagus enters the abdominal cavity?

what does it connect?

Esophageal hiatus

esophagus to the stomach

Duodenal Bulb

what hormone does it produce?

what does that hormone do?

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

causes the Gallbladder to contract

Descending Duodenum

recieves what ducts?

where located?

does what?

receives Common Bile Duct and Pancreatic Duct

at Ampulla of Vater

fat digestion

sphincter of oddi

involves what ?

where located?

does what?

Descending Duodenum

Ampulla of Vater

Controls flow of bile and pancreatic enzymes

Proximal to distal structures of the Duodenum (Also called C-Loop of Abdomen)

Portion of the digestive tract that has finger-like projections called microvilli, which absorb digested

nutrients

ACBE

BE

Polyps best demonstrated on ACBE

Contrast procedure that requires fluoroscopic imaging of the Ileocecal Valve at the conclusion of the

examination (SBFT)

what performs the MECHANICAL digestion of fats

Liver produces bile for

what performs the CHEMICAL digestion of fats

Pancreas produces enzymes for

Biliary Tree – All Ducts

Portal Vein

tunnel used to transport absorbed nutrients from Jejunal microvilli to Liver

Pancreatic Duct – other name

(Duct of Wirsung)

Contrast procedure that will demonstrate an obstruction caused by the presence of choleliths (ERCP)

Parts of the Kidney (Cortex / Medulla / Minor and Major Calyces / Renal Pelvis / Upper Pole / Lower

Pole

UVJ / UPJ – what structures meet to form these junctions?

Anatomy of Urinary System on IVU image and distinguishing what procedure it is

Purpose of PA Projection (prone position) for IVU

fills distal ureters with contrast media

Contrast procedure performed to rule out reflux of urine from the Urinary Bladder into the Ureters

Volvulus

type of what

Mechanical Bowel Obstruction

Adhesions

type of what

Mechanical Bowel Obstruction

Intussusception

type of what

 Mechanical Bowel Obstruction

Ileus

type of what

causes of

adynamic Bowel Obstruction

Ascites

type of what?

what is it?

Abdomen pathology (disease?)

Fluid in the Peritoneal Cavity

What body plane is perpendicular for AP projection of the Abdomen? 

Midsagittal

Where is the CR directed for the AP Projection of the Abdomen?

Perpendicular to Iliac Crest

Projections performed for AP Upright for Diaphragm

Projections performed for Upright for Symphysis Pubis

Projections performed for Supine AP Projection

Labeled anatomical structures for the AP Projection of the Abdomen (Upright also)

Positions / projections of the Abdomen that would be performed to demonstrate free air from a

perforation in the GI tract

Upright / Left Lateral Decubitus

Determining rotation on the AP projection of the Abdomen (symmetrical appearance of Iliac wings,

Obturator Foramen, SI Joints)

Structure that MUST be included on AP Upright Abdomen and Left Lateral Decubitus

Right Hemidiaphragm

Structure that MUST be included on AP Supine Recumbent position of the Abdomen 

Symphysis Pubis

SCOUT

post-evac

post-void

How to determine proper exposure factors on AP projection of the abdomen

Outline of Psoas Muscles

When is a Left Lateral Decubitus position performed?

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

Esophagram

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI) Series

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

Small Bowel Follow-Through (SBFT)

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

Air-Contrast Barium Enema (ACBE)

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

What position was performed to produce this image?

Barium Enema (BE)

supine projection shown by transverse colon and sigmoid being filled with air 

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

Identify A – H:

ERCP – Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

A-Right Hepatic Duct

B-Gallbladder

C-Left Hepatic Duct

D-Common Hepatic Duct

E-Common Bile Duct (CBD)

F-Duodenum

G-Pancreatic Duct (Duct of Wirsung)

H-Ampulla of Vater (Hepatopancreatic Ampulla)

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

IVU – Intravenous Urogram

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

VCUG – Voiding Cystourethrogram

NOT A cystography bc they are voiding in the image as shown by the line below of the urethra

What contrast procedure was performed to produce this image?

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

What pathology is represented on the image above?

Adynamic Ileus

1)contrast procedure performed?

2)contrast media used?

3)What abnormality will they look for when performing images during the fluoroscopic portion of the examination?

1)Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)

2)Water-Soluble Iodinated Contrast

3)Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) (backward flow of urine)

1) contrast procedure performed?

2) contrast media used?

3)What will the doctors be trying to rule out from this examination?

1)Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

2)Water-Soluble Iodinated Contrast

3)Uterine and Fallopian Tube Abnormalities

1)contrast procedure performed?

2)contrast media used?

3)motility study means__?

4)Why is this examination done at different time intervals?

1)Small Bowel Follow-Through (SBFT)

2)Barium Sulfate

3)how quickly and efficiently the small intestine moves

4)observe motality

1)What does single contrast mean in the first image?

2)What does double contrast mean in the 2nd image?

3)contrast media used for this examination?

4)the 3 contraindications of the contrast used?

1)entire colon is filled only with barium sulfate (this is a BE) 

2)both barium sulfate and air. (this is a ACBE)

3)Barium Sulfate

4)DON’T us if suspected bowel perforation; Bowel obstruction (high risk of retention or perforation);

Pre- or post-surgy

1)procedure performed?

2)contrast media used?

3)How contrast media administered?

4)List contraindication for this type of contrast media:

1)IVU – Intravenous Urogram

2)Water-Soluble Iodinated

3)Injected intravenously (bc travels through the bloodstream → filtered by kidneys → passes through renal pelvis → ureters → bladder)

4)dont use if: Allergic; Poor kidney function / renal failure; Dehydration; Severe asthma or thyroid disorders

1)procedure performed?

2)contrast media used?

3)How contrast media administered?

1)ERCP – Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

2)Water-Soluble Iodinated

3)retrograde (tube through mouth→ampulla of vater then backwardly injected in bile duct)

1)procedure performed?

2)contrast media used?

3)How contrast media administered?

1)Esophagram

2)Barium Sulfate

3)orally

1)procedure performed?

2)contrast media used?

3)How contrast media administered?

1)Cystogram (Retrograde Cystography)

2)Water-Soluble Iodinated Contrast

3)retrograde (tube through urethra)

What abnormality is visualized?

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) bc larger than normal

What body habitus is visualized?

hypersthenic (because stomach is balled up)