Lecture 23_Structural Genomics_Spring 2025

Flashcards on Structural genomics

In reverse genetics, loss-of-function approaches reduce or ____ gene function.

eliminate

,In reverse genetics gain-of-function approaches involve forced ______ of a gene or its mutant forms.

expression

In Drosophila transgenic RNAi, the _____-GAL4 system regulates RNA interference.

UAS

The yeast transcription factor __ targets UAS in Drosophila transgenic RNAi.

GAL4

Homologous _______ is a powerful technique for producing loss-of-function alleles by integrating exogenous DNA fragments into the genome.

recombination

During homologous recombination, loss-of-function alleles are created by replacing the target gene with heterologous ___

DNA

The _____ change in the targeting vector can be engineered to introduce any sequence change within the gene during homologous recombination.

sequence

In homologous recombination, a targeting vector contains an __ sequence that interrupts the gene, leading to a truncated protein.

interrupting

In homologous recombination, __ is a selection marker that confers resistance to Neomycin.

NeoR

__ is an approach to simultaneously study all nucleic acids in an organism or cell.

Genomics

Genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of all __ of an organism and their interrelations.

genes

__ genomics is concerned with sequencing of whole genomes, and cataloging and annotating sequence within a given genome.

Structural

__ genomics uses genome sequences to understand gene function in an organism.

Functional

__ genomics is the comparison of genomes both within and between species.

Comparative\

__ is the study of a collection of genetic material (genomes) from a mixed community of organisms.

Metagenomics

High throughput ____ sequencing has been a critical contributor to genomics by enabling the rapid and cheap generation of DNA sequence from samples.

DNA

Computational biology/_________ allows for analysis of massive DNA sequence datasets in genomics.

Bioinformatics

Whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing is a common way to sequence ______.

genomes

Structural genomics provides a __ of DNA sequence, identified genes and other features in a genome.

catalog

Genome size can increase by increasing __ DNA, not the number of genes.

non-coding

_____ repetitive DNA sequences are present in greater than 10^6 copies per genome.

Highly

__ DNA sequences are commonly present at heterochromatic regions of centromeres and telomeres.

Satellite

__ repetitive sequences are present in up to 10^5 copies per genome.

Moderately

__ repeats include transposons, retrotransposons and inactivated retroviruses.

Interspersed

__ repeats include variations of satellite DNA, like micro/mini/mega satellite DNA.

Tandem

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) are often used in DNA _______because the number of repeats varies from individual to individual.

fingerprinting

__ sequences includes protein coding regions - exons of coding genes.

Unique

__ is the process of attaching biological functions to DNA sequences.

Annotation

_____ (ab initio) prediction is bioinformatic prediction from “first principles” based on open reading frame (ORF), splice sites/introns, promoter sequences

Structural

Evolutionary conservation involves comparative genomics, looking for sequences that are highly ______ across species.

conserved

__ involves bulk sequencing of collective genomes from an environment or sample.

Metagenomics

Metagenomics can be used to find new __ for synthetic biology and the pharmaceutical industry.

biosynthetic gene clusters and therapeutic molecules

Highly repetitive DNA consists repeats of very __ sequences.

short

Examples of highly repetitive DNA sequences are GTTAC __ GTTAC GTTAC

GTTAC

Examples of ______ repeats are genes and genes tRNA; rRNA

Interspersed

The number of genes does not always correlate to __ size.

genome

In structural composition of a genome, __ sequences take up 5% of the genome.

regulatory

In structural composition of a genome, __ make up 1.5% of the genome.

exons