Principles of Biology Chapter 1-3

Biology

1. Scientific Study of Life

   1. Asking questions about the living world and seeking answers

2. Life is recognized by what living things do

Properties of Life

1. Order

2. Response to Environment

3. Evolutionary Adaptation

4. Reproduction

5. Growth and Development

6. Energy Processing

7. Regulation

Order

1. One of the properties all life shares

2. The patterns all life follows

Response to the Environment

1. One of the properties all life shares

2. The ability to perceive and respond to the outside world

3. Hearing a sound and looking towards it

Evolutionary Adaptation

1. One of the properties all life shares

2. How an organism has changed over time to better fit its environment

3. Camoflauge

Reproduction

1. One of the properties all life shares

2. The ability to produce more of the same species

3. Baby rhino and adult rhino

Growth and Development

1. One of the properties all life shares

2. Living things will get larger/more complex as they age

3. Baby giraffe growing larger as it grows up

Energy Processing

1. One of the properties all life shares

2. The ability to use and convert energy

3. Using chemical energy gained from food to convert into kinetic energy for running

Regulation

1. One of the properties all life shares

2. The ability to manage many different factors to maintain homeostasis

3. Sweating to reduce temperature

Domain

1. Largest taxonomic class

2. Domain Bacteria

3. Domain Archaea

4. Domain Eukarya

Domain Bacteria

1. Unicellular

2. Prokaryotic Organisms

Domain Archaea

1. Unicellular

2. Prokaryotic Organisms

3. Live in extreme environments

Domain Eukarya

1. Eukaryotic Cells

2. Contains membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

Kingdom

1. The 2nd largest taxonomic class

2. Protists

3. Fungi

4. Plants

5. Animals

Protists

1. Protozoans

2. Algae

3. Diatoms

Fungi

1. Mold

2. Mushrooms

Plants

1. Mosses

2. Ferns

3. Seed Plants

Animals

1. Vertebrates

2. Invertebrates

Unifying Themes in Biology

1. Evolution

2. Emergent Properties

3. The Cell

4. Heritable Information

5. Structure and Function

6. Environmental Interaction

7. Regulation

8. Unity and Diversity

9. Scientific Inquiry

Emergent Properties

1. New functions appear when simpler things are combined in specific way

2. Individual heart cells not in the shape of a heart will not pump blood

Evolution

1. Organisms change over long periods of time to better fit their environment

Environmental Interactions

1. All organisms interact with their environment in some way

Chromosome

1. Each chromosome contains one DNA molecule

   1. Each DNA molecule has hundreds or thousands of genes

Positive Feedback

1. The result of a reaction is used to cause that reaction to happen more often

2. A factory that produces grease using the grease to lubricate their machines

Negative Feedback

1. The result of a reaction is used to slow down or stop that reaction

2. Eating and no longer feeling hungry

Overproduction

1. Every species has more children than will reach adulthood

Variation

1. Individuals in a population will have differences

Selection

1. Certain individuals will survive longer or reproduce more often

Adaptation

1. The traits of the individuals who survived or reproduced more in selection will become more common in the population

Matter

1. Anything that takes up space and has mass

2. Made of elements

Element

1. Substance that cannot be broken down into a smaller substance with chemical reactions

Compound

1. 2 or more elements combined in a fixed ratio

Essential Elements

1. Needed for health and reproduction by organisms

2. Carbon (C) (18.5%)

3. Hydrogen (H) (9.5%

4. Oxygen (O) (65%)

5. Nitrogen (N) (3.3)

6. Phosphorus (P) (1%)

7. Sulfur (S) (0.3%)

Trace Elements

1. Required by organisms in small amounts

2. Iodine

3. Fluoride

4. Iron

Toxic Elementa

1. Arsenic

2. Serpentine rock contains toxic elements