Studied by 13 people
judicial review
SCOTUS has authority to strike down a law or executive action if it is deemed unconstitutional
jurisdiction
determines where the case should be tried (state, local, federal)
original jurisdiction
authority of a court to act as the first to hear a case, including the finding of facts in a case
appellate jurisdiction
authority of a court to hear and review decisions made by lower courts in that system
plaintiff
govt or individual who filed the lawsuit, arguing that they have been wronged
defendant
govt or individual who is being sued and accused of violating one’s rights or breaking an agreement
precedent
judicial decision that acts as a basis for deciding similar cases in the future
judicial restraint
justices should be cautious in overturning laws
judicial activism
justices should create bold new policies and abolish laws when necessary
chief justice
responsible for statute for admin along with hearing cases and writing opinions on them
associate justice
attends and participates in decisions for all judicial meetings, appeals, etc
John Jay
first chief justice of the united states
John Marshall
helped increase the power of the court system during his time as chief justice
Earl Warren
chief justice who ruled that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional
John Roberts
current chief justice
Sandra Day O’Connor
(1981-2006)
first woman to serve on SCOTUS
Thurgood Marshall
(1967-1990) 1st African American justice; lawyer who argued for Brown v. Board and several other civil rights cases
Writ of Certiorari
court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court/govt
legal brief
document presented to court arguing why one party in a case should “win”
Amicus Curiae brief
documents written by those not directly involved in a case, but have insight to assist the decision making
first monday in october
SCOTUS term begins
majority opinion
ruling and logic of the majority of justices in a case, binding and sets precedent after written by designated justice
dissenting opinion
disagrees with majority opinion
concurring opinion
agrees with majority opinion, but with differing reasoning
stare decisis
court relies on standing on the decision made, aka the precedent is established
placed on the dockett
scheduling of SCOTUS appearance for case after writ of certiorari sent out
felix frankfurter
(1939-1962) first jewish justice
sonia sotomayor
(2009-present) first puerto rican american justice
ketanji brown jackson
(2022- present)first African American woman justice
Note 
Flashcard (70)