chem test 8 study

what term describes liquids that are completely soluble with each other

miscible

affects rate of the solution

grinding, crushing, temp, and mixing

can two polar substances solve each other?

yes, likes dissolve likes

point in which the rate of dissolution and rate of crystallization are = to each other

solution equillibrium

type of attractions between solutes and solvents affect the dissolution

solute solute, solvent solvent, solute to solvent

describes a solution that has as much solute as possible under equillibrium conditions

saturated

if i increase the pressure of a solution that has a gas dissolved will solubility increase

yes

why is the enthalpy of solution typically negative when a gas is present in a solution

gases easily seperate from each other

3 colligative properties discussed

vapor pressure,freezing point depression, boiling point elevation

reaction that is the transfer of elecrons

redox reaction

process of a solid coming out of a solution

rate of crystallization

do not ionize in aq solutions

non electrolytes

why does the enthalpy of a solution depend on the concentration

because it takes a larger change in enthalpy to get those solute particles in between the solvent particles

particles in colloid v. particles in a solution

particles in a colloid are bigger and suspended

gas dispersed in a solid/liquid (colloid)

foam

scattering of light in a colloid

tyndoll effect

why do colloids demonstrate the kinetic theory of matter

you see particles moving randomly(brownian motion)

what are the three requirements for collisoin theory

have to collide with enough energy and in proper orientation

increasing the temperature will affect the rate of reaction because?

energy of the collisions with increase

minimum amt of energy needed for reaction to occur

activation energy

hill in our potential energy diagram

activated complex

distance to activated complex

activation energy

distance between products and reactants

change in enthalpy

difference between products and reactants in exo and endothermic

energy is different

why does rate of reaction slow down over time?

lower concentration of reactants

short lived unstable arrangement of atoms

activated complex

what can a catalyst not do?

make impossible reactions happen

biological catalysts

enzymes

slows down rate of reaction

inhibitor

what type of catalyst acts as a surface catalyst

heterogeneous

reaction mechanism required greatest activation energy

rate determining step

in our reaction mechanisms how many collisions occur in each step

one collision

what equation predicts the rate of reaction based on the initial concentrations of the reactants

rate law

reaction mechanism that consists of a cycling series of steps where the product of one becomes a reactant of another step

chain reaction

exothermic

negative change in enthalpy

how does a catalyst work

it makes an alt. route where it takes less activation energy for it to do the reaction.

things that a catalyst does

lowers act. energy, increased reaction rate, alt. route, enthalpy and energy is the same.

things that a catalyst is not

cant make impossible reactions possible

in a rate law what does the k stand for?

rate constant

if we add a catalyst to a reaction will there be more particles with enough energy or less particles with enough energy for the reaction to occur.

more particles

Both reaction rates and reaction pathways

What does the field of chemical kinetics involve?

Colloids

What category includes emulsions, foams, sols, and gels?

Colloid

What is a mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended within the mixture and will not settle out?

Colloids

What type of substance is the scattering of light known as the Tyndall effect a characteristic of?

They are completely soluble in each other

Which of the following is TRUE if two substances in the same phase are miscible?

The number of molecules evaporating and condensing are equal

When a liquid in a closed container reaches a state of equilibrium with its vapor, which of the following is true?

Adsorption

What is the attraction of a substance to the surface of a solid called?

Enthalpy of solution

What is the total heat absorbed or released when one substance dissolves another?

The rate of crystallization equals the rate of dissolution

When a solution reaches a state of equilibrium, why does the amount of undissolved solid remain constant?

Concentration of the solution

What do colligative properties primarily depend on?

a Solute

In a solution of glucose in water, what is glucose?

Increases the rate of reaction by decreasing the frequency of collisions

How does increasing concentration usually affect the rate of a reaction?

Solution

What is a homogenious mixture of two or more substances?

Inhibitor

What is a substance that slows the rate of a reaction?

Reaction mechanism

What is a series describing the way in which a chemical reaction proceeds?

Chain reaction

What is a chemical reaction in which the products of one reaction step cause other reactions to occur?

Rate

determining step

True

(T/F) The erratic movement of colloidal particles due to random molecular collisions that keep them suspended is known as "Brownian motion".

The minimum kinetic energy that a molecule must posses to undergo a chemical reaction is called the

activation energy

True

(T/F) Tiny, emulsified droplets of grease or oil suspended in water by soap molecules are "micelles".

True

(T/F) A solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible under equilibrium conditions is "saturated".

True

(T/F) An ion or molecule surrounded by water molecules in aqueous solution is "hydrated".

True

(T/F) The quantity of a solute for a given quantity of solution or solvent is known as "concentration".

True

(T/F) In a chemical reaction, the change in concentration of a substance divided by the time for the change is the reaction "rate".

(d.) It reduces activation energy

Which of the following "best" explains why a catalyst increases the rate of reaction?

(c.) Substances with similar intermolecular force will dissolve in each other more readily

Which of the following "best" explains the meaning of the phrase "like dissolves like"?

(c.) 0.016 M/s

At 20 C, the rate of a particular reaction is 0.001 M/s; what is the rate expected to be at 60 C, assuming all other forces remain the same?

(d.) There is a net flow of water from B to A

Two compartments, labeled "A" and "B", are separated by a semipermeable membrane. What happens if compartment A is filled with honey (a solution of sugar dissolved in water) and compartment B is filled with distilled water?

(c.) The 17

body collision required is extremely unlikely

(c.) Heterogeneous catalyst

Which of the following terms describes a platinum mesh used to break down petroleum vapors into smaller molecules?

(a.) Water and isopropyl alcohol

Which of the following combinations is most likely to be completely miscible?

(c.) The rate

determining step involves the greatest number of reacting species

Which of the following substances would you expect to be most soluble in a nonpolar solvent such as gasoline?

(c.) Ammonia (polar)

hetero mixture with tiny clumps suspended in it

colloid

When a solid is dissolved in a liquid solvent, does increasing the temperature tend to increase or to decrease the solubility of the solid?

Increase

When a gas is dissolved in a liquid solvent, does increasing the temperature tend to increase or decrease the solubility of the gas?

Decrease

What term refers to a solution that contains more solute than is ordinarily possible under equilibrium circumstances?

Supersaturated

Does adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid tent to raise or to lower its boiling point?

Raise

Transition state

activated complex

What term refers to a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction?

Catalyst

Does increasing the temperature of a liquid tend to increase or decrease its vapor pressure?

Increase