BODY SYSTEMS

Body System

An organized group of tissue that forms a particular function in the human body.

Total Body Systems

There are 11 different systems in the human body that work together for overall function.

Main Body Systems

Key systems include skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, muscular, and digestive.

Skeletal System

Provides support, protection, movement, blood cell supply, and mineral storage.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that forms the basic structure, including the skull, spine, and thorax.

Appendicular Skeleton

Consists of limbs and girdles of the pelvis and shoulders.

Human Skeleton

Composed of 206 bones, including those in the skull, spine, chest, arms, hands, pelvis, legs, and feet.

Joints

Areas where two bones meet, allowing for flexibility and movement.

Immovable Joints

Joints that do not move, such as those in the dome of the skull.

Partially Movable Joints

Joints that allow slight movement, linked by cartilage, like those in the spine.

Freely Movable Joints

Joints that move in many directions, filled with synovial fluid for lubrication.

Hinge Joints

Allow movement in one direction, such as in the knees and elbows.

Pivot Joints

Allow rotating or twisting motion, like the head moving side to side.

Ball-and-Socket Joints

Allow the greatest freedom of movement, found in hips and shoulders.

Cartilage

A smooth surface on bones that allows them to glide across each other.

Ligaments

Fibrous bands that connect bones to bones, maintaining joint stability.

Tendons

Tough cords that attach muscles to bones, strengthening joints and enabling movement.

Synovial Fluid

A lubricant that keeps joints moist and nourishes cartilage for easy movement.

Flexion

A decrease in the angle of a joint, such as moving the wrist up to the shoulder.

Extension

An increase in the angle at a joint, returning to the normal anatomical position.

Adduction

Movement towards the body’s midline, like crossing legs.

Abduction

Movement away from the body’s midline, such as lifting an arm.

Rotation

Movement about an axis, like circling arms.

Circumduction

Moving a limb so that the end describes a circle, such as circling wrists.

Pronation

Movement of the forearm so the palm turns up.

Supination

Movement of the forearm so the palm faces down.